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[Music]

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this is the 2022

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red bluff high school nasa lassen

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volcanic national park astrobiology

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presentation of findings and so

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um what you're here for today

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is

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a presentation by

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red bluff high school students who have

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worked really really hard this entire

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year to study some of what's going on up

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at lassen volcanic national park and

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they've done this under the guidance of

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some very influential

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and special nasa scientists

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um

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this program has has been around for a

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couple years now actually more than a

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couple i'm over 10

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in one capacity or another at red bluff

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high school

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um i have been a part of this program

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since its inception and have really seen

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it grow

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from an after school program to a class

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that we now offer

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up to 20 students

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every single year and these 20 students

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get a real unique opportunity to not

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just learn about science but to actually

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go out and do science which is something

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that

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is very very

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of it's very interesting to them and

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very applicable to them not just this

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year and their studies but hopefully

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later on in life also

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um

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tonight what we hope to to share with

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you is some of what they did

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i would be lying to you if it wasn't a

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challenge this year

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based on just situations as we all know

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we are still dealing with the pandemic

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on one level or another and the

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restrictions that that has placed on us

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both

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in the school and in the field has

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definitely been felt

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in addition lassen volcanic national

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park last summer

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was impacted greatly by a wildfire the

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dixie wildfire tore through

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much of the area the park that we

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tend to focus on and perform some of our

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research in and that really also

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impacted some of what we were able to do

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this year

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but as a testament to these students we

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persevered we carried on

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and we were able to still get the job

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done and you're going to be able to see

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just how how much they were able to

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learn how much they were able to

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actually

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to study and and conclude based on this

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research that was done under extremely

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difficult circumstances because of that

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i couldn't be more proud of this group

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and i'm just excited to share with you

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and for you to have the opportunity

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today

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to see exactly what they've done

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and so with that being said i'm gonna

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pause my comments for now and i'm gonna

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pass it along to um

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to ranger sweeney um ranger kevin

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sweeney is

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our contact with lassen volcanic

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national national park and he's going to

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tell you a little bit about how the park

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is influential and is impacted by this

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program as well so ranger sweeney

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well thank you mike and our david and

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and it is really a testament to these

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students to overcome all of the

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challenges uh of both covid and the

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dixie fire and still being able to come

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up and do these field experiences uh and

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experiments um this course really

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emphasized hands-on experiments and it

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emphasizes in the field science it uh it

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emphasizes hands-on science which i

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think is so important that we get a

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tangible opportunity for these students

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to go and connect with the park connect

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with science

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in addition to in working with these

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wonderful people from nasa who can show

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that science is a wonderful career and a

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wonderful opportunity for them

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it opens doors that are unmanageable for

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a lot of folks in northern california

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and to be able to have this opportunity

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to work with nasa to work with the

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national park service to get this kind

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of exposure um it's just an

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absolutely incredible

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experience

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personally

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i just had a blast hanging out with you

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guys in the park uh collecting samples

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and boy every time you guys came to the

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park it was freezing rain and snowing

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and just the best most wonderful weather

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as we've been going through droughts so

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cheers to you uh let's have you guys

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come up for the rest of the summer if we

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can because it seemed like every time

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you guys came up we got some some big

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rain or big snow and um you guys

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persevered through it i couldn't be more

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proud of you and um thank you so much

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for allowing me to be part of it i i

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really appreciate it um please know

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both red bluff

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high school both the students and the

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staff and nasa ames folks um you guys

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are

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something that we're really proud of at

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lassen and i speak for superintendent

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richardson when i say that this program

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um is something that we brag about quite

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a bit um it really combines all the best

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aspects of national parks partnering

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with our local communities and other

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government organizations to show that

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national parks are these living

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laboratories not just places to go and

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set up a tent and and relax which they

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are certainly that and it is important

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that there are those um but as places

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where we can study and learn about other

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worlds learn about other planets

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question things that are happening on

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our own planet and be curious and one of

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my favorite things about this class and

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about having students come up is it just

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encourages that critical thinking that

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kind of

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curiosity that is is so important

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in making the world a better place so

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red bluff high school students great job

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this year

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i hope your feet have finally dried out

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and thanks for all the hard work and and

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perseverance on uh the great hikes that

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we did and your frozen fingers

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collecting samples good job guys and uh

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thank you very much angel sweeney it's

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uh it's really been a joy for us to work

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with you as well um the students have uh

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have amazing stories that they share

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just about the time up there obviously

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the cold time but um it was a

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pretty uh just some

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some very special trips that we had up

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there so thank you for for making that

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happen and making uh this program such a

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uh make us all feel so welcome up there

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um

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right now i think what i'd like to do is

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introduce you a little bit to

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the chat room and and just so you know

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where to ask questions and what to do

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and so if you look um on this live

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stream

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up upper right hand corner on my tab

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right below the tab it says go live and

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below that there's a little circle that

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has like a talking arrow in it and if

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you click on that it'll open up a chat

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and if you open up that chat you can

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then type in things at the bottom of it

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and so we'd like to kind of reserve this

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for for questions at this time and so if

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questions come up just go ahead and

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please enter them into this chat and we

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will get to those

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towards the end of our

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presentation but i want to make sure

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that you're aware of that so if a

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question comes up you can type it in

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there and just

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not have to worry about forgetting it

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type of thing so anyway um our next

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speaker tonight is going to be dr dave

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damery and he's going to talk to us a

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little bit about

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not not really last in part but how the

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research that's being done up at lassen

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park can be tied to some of the research

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that's currently being done up on mars

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so he's going to share a little bit

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about the information as far as the

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research that's being done up on mars

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thanks a lot dave um

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yeah i'd just like to start by saying

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that uh we're just in a golden age of

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exploration in space mars and beyond and

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then all the amazing telescopes the

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launch of

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which of which is going to just look way

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back in time and deep into the uh

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universe

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it's really quite remarkable

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uh and of course this is all enabled by

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new technologies that have been

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developed and of course that has really

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accelerated over the last few decades

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and not only

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does the new technology make it easier

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to

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you know do these missions but it also

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allows the public to become much more

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engaged uh actually almost in real time

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as as these missions unfold

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uh and so

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you know because of all these missions

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and and now just focusing on mars

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because of all we've learned about mars

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over the last you know 20 30 years uh

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we uh

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basically took advantage of this

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strategy called follow the water and

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that is you know if you need have to if

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you're gonna ever have life on mars you

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need water and so we're just trying to

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see is there any evidence that water was

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at all abundant in mars and was

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sufficient perhaps to support life

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and what that succeeded in doing is

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documenting that yes indeed water really

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was

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very widespread especially on ancient

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mars

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uh but it

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led to sort of a problem and that is

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that uh or a challenge i should say and

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that is that there's so much evidence of

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water all over the place which of the

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places should we land you know how do we

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choose between

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a place that's more promising or places

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that are less promising

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and so

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for this we need to

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do what's called site selection we need

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to be very careful about which sites we

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pick because we don't get very many

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chances to go to the surface

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and for this then we have to study these

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areas in more detail beyond just the

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water you know is are there other things

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there that could have supported life

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which might be the best places that

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could preserve evidence of it if it was

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ever there

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and so

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it really invokes a lot of the field

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work very tech

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advanced field work that we've people

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biology and biology and some very

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advanced methods have been developed for

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our field work on the earth

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but the the problem is of course the

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challenges of space flight really cuts

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down

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our ability to take advantage of a lot

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of that we really have to pare down to

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a more more uh simple and

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straightforward and possible approach

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but the key thing is that we can still

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employ strategies that were developed

285
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long ago by earth scientists and that

286
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were proven to be very effective with

287
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not nearly the technology uh in terms of

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observations that you know you're able

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to do walking out in the field yourself

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and so these are sort of time-honored

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exploration strategies

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and then starting with for example doing

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reconnaissance of a field area to grasp

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sort of the geographic context and to

295
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develop initial impressions about what

296
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what went on there in terms also the

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potential to support life

298
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secondly then you visit certain key

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locations to make uh additional

300
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observations and take samples which

301
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allow us to maybe start formulating

302
00:10:59,190 --> 00:10:57,040
hypotheses about what uh what what

303
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occurred there and then of course you

304
00:11:03,590 --> 00:11:01,120
come back to the lab you analyze the

305
00:11:06,389 --> 00:11:03,600
samples you do experiments in the lab to

306
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try to test these hypotheses see if your

307
00:11:10,630 --> 00:11:08,560
experiments can give you more insight

308
00:11:12,630 --> 00:11:10,640
about what's going on there

309
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and then of course very importantly you

310
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have to write up your results you have

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to put them into the scientific

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literature

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and also you give oral presentations in

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order to

315
00:11:25,190 --> 00:11:23,519
you know disseminate that to a wider

316
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audience and to get very important

317
00:11:29,269 --> 00:11:27,120
feedback

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00:11:31,590 --> 00:11:29,279
now the interesting thing is that uh

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00:11:34,550 --> 00:11:31,600
this course

320
00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:34,560
in astrobiology at lassen at red bluff

321
00:11:37,670 --> 00:11:35,760
high school

322
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thought we we that's the structure of

323
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the course what i just described to you

324
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is these steps that we do as fundamental

325
00:11:45,190 --> 00:11:43,519
scientific approach and it's the

326
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backbone of how we do science

327
00:11:49,350 --> 00:11:47,440
exploration on these missions that's the

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00:11:52,069 --> 00:11:49,360
template for this course

329
00:11:54,870 --> 00:11:52,079
and we have selected a couple of uh

330
00:11:56,550 --> 00:11:54,880
several sites up in lassen particularly

331
00:11:59,269 --> 00:11:56,560
in the sulfur works area and the warner

332
00:12:01,350 --> 00:11:59,279
valley area because they provide sort of

333
00:12:04,310 --> 00:12:01,360
modern and accessible sites that

334
00:12:05,910 --> 00:12:04,320
resemble very promising sites on mars

335
00:12:07,110 --> 00:12:05,920
they share many of the features that we

336
00:12:09,110 --> 00:12:07,120
think might have

337
00:12:11,030 --> 00:12:09,120
that might have been active features

338
00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:11,040
long ago on mars

339
00:12:14,389 --> 00:12:13,040
and so as a result of this these

340
00:12:16,790 --> 00:12:14,399
students have really gained a

341
00:12:19,829 --> 00:12:16,800
perspective about you know our approach

342
00:12:22,150 --> 00:12:19,839
to mars and and the basic

343
00:12:24,870 --> 00:12:22,160
basic challenge and that is given an

344
00:12:26,710 --> 00:12:24,880
environment can life exist there and if

345
00:12:28,230 --> 00:12:26,720
it does what kind of life would there be

346
00:12:30,230 --> 00:12:28,240
there so this environment life

347
00:12:32,790 --> 00:12:30,240
connection is what this course really

348
00:12:35,350 --> 00:12:32,800
stresses and that's exactly the strategy

349
00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:35,360
that we need in order to determine which

350
00:12:39,590 --> 00:12:37,920
sites to select on mars and and then

351
00:12:40,629 --> 00:12:39,600
what to do when we get there what do we

352
00:12:43,350 --> 00:12:40,639
measure

353
00:12:45,590 --> 00:12:43,360
and so in a way uh the achievements of

354
00:12:48,790 --> 00:12:45,600
this class and the perspectives they've

355
00:12:50,949 --> 00:12:48,800
gained has developed critical thinking

356
00:12:52,870 --> 00:12:50,959
skills and also just

357
00:12:55,430 --> 00:12:52,880
you know basically

358
00:12:57,430 --> 00:12:55,440
analytical skills which i think will

359
00:12:59,269 --> 00:12:57,440
serve them very well and of course

360
00:13:01,910 --> 00:12:59,279
nasa has a vested interest in this

361
00:13:03,269 --> 00:13:01,920
because ultimately this next generation

362
00:13:05,430 --> 00:13:03,279
is going to be

363
00:13:07,350 --> 00:13:05,440
take ownership of space exploration and

364
00:13:09,990 --> 00:13:07,360
for that matter many of the other things

365
00:13:12,069 --> 00:13:10,000
that are so important for our society

366
00:13:13,750 --> 00:13:12,079
down the road so thank you very much

367
00:13:15,110 --> 00:13:13,760
look forward to seeing this year's

368
00:13:15,910 --> 00:13:15,120
version

369
00:13:22,150 --> 00:13:15,920
and

370
00:13:25,590 --> 00:13:23,829
thank you dave very much

371
00:13:28,870 --> 00:13:25,600
um

372
00:13:30,710 --> 00:13:28,880
and and as dave pointed out we are very

373
00:13:31,590 --> 00:13:30,720
interested in certain areas of lassen

374
00:13:34,389 --> 00:13:31,600
park

375
00:13:36,389 --> 00:13:34,399
and if you remember i said earlier how

376
00:13:37,110 --> 00:13:36,399
how impacted we were

377
00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:37,120
in

378
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:42,240
next

379
00:13:46,069 --> 00:13:44,320
are the interns in their research but

380
00:13:48,470 --> 00:13:46,079
i'd like to let just kind of set the

381
00:13:49,750 --> 00:13:48,480
foundation for this a little bit and

382
00:13:51,670 --> 00:13:49,760
talk a little bit about some of the

383
00:13:53,030 --> 00:13:51,680
challenges that we faced

384
00:13:54,710 --> 00:13:53,040
um

385
00:13:56,150 --> 00:13:54,720
we do follow the scientific method

386
00:13:58,470 --> 00:13:56,160
that's what this entire class this

387
00:14:00,949 --> 00:13:58,480
entire program is based on you know

388
00:14:02,389 --> 00:14:00,959
identifying a problem and then once we

389
00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:02,399
identify it try to come up with a

390
00:14:05,910 --> 00:14:04,240
solution and then conduct some

391
00:14:07,670 --> 00:14:05,920
experiments that help us to kind of

392
00:14:10,150 --> 00:14:07,680
better understand

393
00:14:12,150 --> 00:14:10,160
those solutions and then try to go back

394
00:14:14,470 --> 00:14:12,160
then and see was

395
00:14:15,430 --> 00:14:14,480
our interpretation of this problem

396
00:14:16,629 --> 00:14:15,440
correct

397
00:14:18,790 --> 00:14:16,639
um

398
00:14:21,189 --> 00:14:18,800
that's easier to do if you can actually

399
00:14:23,829 --> 00:14:21,199
fully get your hands on the problem and

400
00:14:25,670 --> 00:14:23,839
fully experience it

401
00:14:27,110 --> 00:14:25,680
this year we tasked these students in

402
00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:27,120
looking at some of these sites some of

403
00:14:31,750 --> 00:14:29,440
these very interesting important sites

404
00:14:33,350 --> 00:14:31,760
of lassen park without the ability to

405
00:14:35,670 --> 00:14:33,360
get there

406
00:14:39,030 --> 00:14:35,680
we were able to substitute other sites

407
00:14:40,949 --> 00:14:39,040
for this but in the end it just it

408
00:14:42,069 --> 00:14:40,959
became um

409
00:14:43,910 --> 00:14:42,079
just a

410
00:14:46,069 --> 00:14:43,920
i don't want it wasn't impossible don't

411
00:14:48,790 --> 00:14:46,079
get me wrong but it became difficult for

412
00:14:50,230 --> 00:14:48,800
them and so i am very very excited to

413
00:14:52,150 --> 00:14:50,240
share with you what they came up with

414
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:52,160
what they are able to discover

415
00:14:56,069 --> 00:14:54,320
um well overcoming

416
00:14:57,670 --> 00:14:56,079
just the challenges of the situation

417
00:14:59,189 --> 00:14:57,680
that they are dealing with

418
00:15:00,550 --> 00:14:59,199
and so um

419
00:15:01,990 --> 00:15:00,560
without with that being said i'm just

420
00:15:04,790 --> 00:15:02,000
going to kind of

421
00:15:06,470 --> 00:15:04,800
let this go they have come up with with

422
00:15:09,110 --> 00:15:06,480
a presentation now that basically

423
00:15:11,350 --> 00:15:09,120
explains beginning to end all the

424
00:15:13,590 --> 00:15:11,360
research and work they did this year and

425
00:15:15,269 --> 00:15:13,600
so feel free to just kind of follow

426
00:15:17,829 --> 00:15:15,279
along and if there's questions that come

427
00:15:19,590 --> 00:15:17,839
up i told you where that chat window is

428
00:15:20,949 --> 00:15:19,600
feel free to type those questions in and

429
00:15:23,990 --> 00:15:20,959
we will address them once the

430
00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:24,000
presentation is over so thank you

431
00:15:27,750 --> 00:15:25,600
hello everyone and welcome to our

432
00:15:29,670 --> 00:15:27,760
cumulative presentation for the

433
00:15:32,550 --> 00:15:29,680
2021-2022

434
00:15:34,310 --> 00:15:32,560
nasa astrobiology internship program i

435
00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:34,320
am cameron beeman second year in the

436
00:15:38,310 --> 00:15:35,920
program and i will be the master of

437
00:15:40,150 --> 00:15:38,320
ceremonies tonight this program is a

438
00:15:42,629 --> 00:15:40,160
collaborative effort between lassen

439
00:15:44,550 --> 00:15:42,639
volcanic national park nasa's ames

440
00:15:46,310 --> 00:15:44,560
research center and red bluff high

441
00:15:48,069 --> 00:15:46,320
school to go beyond standard science

442
00:15:50,470 --> 00:15:48,079
classes and provide a unique learning

443
00:15:52,629 --> 00:15:50,480
experience tonight we will be reviewing

444
00:15:54,710 --> 00:15:52,639
all that we have done in the program

445
00:15:57,110 --> 00:15:54,720
this year to start us off olivia

446
00:15:59,749 --> 00:15:57,120
palangoni will go over our outline for

447
00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:01,990
in this presentation each intern will be

448
00:16:06,150 --> 00:16:03,839
explaining the key parts of our study

449
00:16:08,069 --> 00:16:06,160
and how they are interconnected to begin

450
00:16:10,069 --> 00:16:08,079
the concept of astrobiology will be

451
00:16:12,790 --> 00:16:10,079
explained and why lassen volcanic

452
00:16:14,389 --> 00:16:12,800
national park is a part of our studies

453
00:16:16,230 --> 00:16:14,399
then the matter in which we collected

454
00:16:18,150 --> 00:16:16,240
samples will be explained

455
00:16:19,670 --> 00:16:18,160
next each field site we studied will be

456
00:16:21,509 --> 00:16:19,680
described

457
00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:21,519
then the rock dissolution experiments we

458
00:16:24,790 --> 00:16:23,040
conduct in the classroom will also be

459
00:16:26,230 --> 00:16:24,800
outlined along with the experimental

460
00:16:27,829 --> 00:16:26,240
parameters of our winter grassy

461
00:16:29,509 --> 00:16:27,839
incubations

462
00:16:32,310 --> 00:16:29,519
lastly the second year interns will

463
00:16:34,550 --> 00:16:32,320
summarize the water chemistry each site

464
00:16:38,470 --> 00:16:34,560
next hyrum blizz will be explaining what

465
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:40,870
astrobiology is the investigation of the

466
00:16:45,590 --> 00:16:43,440
origins distribution and future of life

467
00:16:48,230 --> 00:16:45,600
in the universe a key aspect of

468
00:16:50,150 --> 00:16:48,240
astrobiology is to search for and

469
00:16:52,629 --> 00:16:50,160
characterize the full diversity of

470
00:16:54,550 --> 00:16:52,639
habitable environments both on early

471
00:16:56,389 --> 00:16:54,560
earth and on other planets

472
00:16:58,949 --> 00:16:56,399
volcanic activity and its interactions

473
00:17:01,350 --> 00:16:58,959
with water are key aspects of ancient

474
00:17:03,509 --> 00:17:01,360
habitable environments on earth

475
00:17:05,270 --> 00:17:03,519
evidence of such interactions have been

476
00:17:07,270 --> 00:17:05,280
discovered on mars and these

477
00:17:09,590 --> 00:17:07,280
interactions probably also occurred on

478
00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:09,600
other earth-like planets in the universe

479
00:17:14,470 --> 00:17:12,000
and now austell diaz will be explaining

480
00:17:18,870 --> 00:17:14,480
why we are so interested specifically in

481
00:17:20,789 --> 00:17:18,880
the lassen volcanic national park area

482
00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,799
volcanic activity and its interactions

483
00:17:23,590 --> 00:17:22,240
with water were key components in

484
00:17:25,270 --> 00:17:23,600
allowing past life to live in their

485
00:17:27,189 --> 00:17:25,280
environment on earth

486
00:17:29,430 --> 00:17:27,199
from photographic evidence taken by our

487
00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:29,440
fellow robotic friends on mars we know

488
00:17:33,830 --> 00:17:31,120
that alaska mechanic national park

489
00:17:35,590 --> 00:17:33,840
shares various yoga geographical

490
00:17:37,350 --> 00:17:35,600
similarities with mars

491
00:17:39,590 --> 00:17:37,360
this being the aforementioned volcanic

492
00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:39,600
influence and effects of liquid erosion

493
00:17:42,150 --> 00:17:40,640
on the ground

494
00:17:44,310 --> 00:17:42,160
the volcanoes and lassen mckinnon

495
00:17:47,029 --> 00:17:44,320
national park create unique

496
00:17:48,950 --> 00:17:47,039
opportunities for study for example

497
00:17:51,270 --> 00:17:48,960
groundwater and latin volcanic national

498
00:17:52,630 --> 00:17:51,280
park interacts with molten rock stemming

499
00:17:54,870 --> 00:17:52,640
from volcanoes

500
00:17:56,630 --> 00:17:54,880
the subsequent groundwater now altered

501
00:17:59,750 --> 00:17:56,640
by its previous contact

502
00:18:01,510 --> 00:17:59,760
interacts with living organisms microbes

503
00:18:02,630 --> 00:18:01,520
and landscapes of its surrounding

504
00:18:04,150 --> 00:18:02,640
environment

505
00:18:05,830 --> 00:18:04,160
seeking to understand the mechanisms

506
00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:05,840
behind lassen's wide range of

507
00:18:09,750 --> 00:18:07,840
environmental conditions and rich

508
00:18:12,150 --> 00:18:09,760
microbial life that are all impacted by

509
00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:12,160
the volcanic activity

510
00:18:16,310 --> 00:18:13,520
we can replicate many of the

511
00:18:17,990 --> 00:18:16,320
hypothesized conditions of early mars

512
00:18:19,750 --> 00:18:18,000
the study of microbes in the present day

513
00:18:21,669 --> 00:18:19,760
can help answer the question

514
00:18:23,510 --> 00:18:21,679
was their life on mars

515
00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:23,520
up next todd will talk about the

516
00:18:28,789 --> 00:18:26,640
prerequisites for life to even exist

517
00:18:30,390 --> 00:18:28,799
in our studies of lassen we looked not

518
00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:30,400
only at the conditions of the water

519
00:18:34,789 --> 00:18:32,400
chemistry in geology but also at the

520
00:18:36,789 --> 00:18:34,799
microbial life that's present there are

521
00:18:38,310 --> 00:18:36,799
four categories that we observed to

522
00:18:40,470 --> 00:18:38,320
determine if the conditions are

523
00:18:41,510 --> 00:18:40,480
favorable for life to survive and

524
00:18:43,190 --> 00:18:41,520
prosper

525
00:18:45,350 --> 00:18:43,200
the first of these four requirements is

526
00:18:47,510 --> 00:18:45,360
for life to have a solvent present a

527
00:18:49,510 --> 00:18:47,520
solvent typically that of water is

528
00:18:51,270 --> 00:18:49,520
necessary in order to dissolve many

529
00:18:53,029 --> 00:18:51,280
nutrients for life

530
00:18:55,029 --> 00:18:53,039
these essential elements for life which

531
00:18:57,830 --> 00:18:55,039
are dissolved by water include carbon

532
00:19:00,390 --> 00:18:57,840
hydrogen nitrogen sulfur and more

533
00:19:02,710 --> 00:19:00,400
for life to be present in an ecosystem a

534
00:19:04,789 --> 00:19:02,720
source of energy also must be present

535
00:19:06,390 --> 00:19:04,799
energy is provided to the organisms at

536
00:19:08,630 --> 00:19:06,400
these sites through the processes of

537
00:19:10,870 --> 00:19:08,640
photosynthesis the absorption of light

538
00:19:12,950 --> 00:19:10,880
and chemosynthesis which provides energy

539
00:19:14,870 --> 00:19:12,960
through chemical reactions

540
00:19:17,430 --> 00:19:14,880
the fourth and final necessity for life

541
00:19:20,310 --> 00:19:17,440
to exist is that of favorable conditions

542
00:19:22,310 --> 00:19:20,320
in terms of temperature ph and salinity

543
00:19:23,750 --> 00:19:22,320
for life to exist the conditions of the

544
00:19:24,950 --> 00:19:23,760
environment must be suited to what the

545
00:19:27,029 --> 00:19:24,960
microbes need

546
00:19:28,789 --> 00:19:27,039
many microbes have different adaptations

547
00:19:30,950 --> 00:19:28,799
to survive in different environments for

548
00:19:33,110 --> 00:19:30,960
instance many organisms can survive in

549
00:19:35,270 --> 00:19:33,120
an acidic environment while others must

550
00:19:37,029 --> 00:19:35,280
be in a more neutral environment on the

551
00:19:38,710 --> 00:19:37,039
whole it is necessary for the four

552
00:19:41,830 --> 00:19:38,720
categories seen in the venn diagram to

553
00:19:43,830 --> 00:19:41,840
be present for life to survive and grow

554
00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:43,840
now cameron will introduce the field

555
00:19:48,789 --> 00:19:46,720
sites that we studied at lassen

556
00:19:50,549 --> 00:19:48,799
after learning about astrobiology and

557
00:19:52,230 --> 00:19:50,559
the requirements for life we looked for

558
00:19:53,909 --> 00:19:52,240
field sites within lassen volcanic

559
00:19:55,830 --> 00:19:53,919
national park to see if we could apply

560
00:19:57,750 --> 00:19:55,840
what we had learned when observing

561
00:20:00,230 --> 00:19:57,760
lassen it is important to remember its

562
00:20:02,710 --> 00:20:00,240
history lassen volcanic national park

563
00:20:03,830 --> 00:20:02,720
once had an ancient volcano named mount

564
00:20:08,470 --> 00:20:03,840
tahimah

565
00:20:10,789 --> 00:20:08,480
the inside because of the underground

566
00:20:13,270 --> 00:20:10,799
acidic hydrothermal activity

567
00:20:15,270 --> 00:20:13,280
causing it to collapse in on itself

568
00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:15,280
this volcano was massive

569
00:20:18,789 --> 00:20:17,360
its footprint outlined in red

570
00:20:21,029 --> 00:20:18,799
within the remains of this ancient

571
00:20:22,390 --> 00:20:21,039
volcano we see the sulfur works area

572
00:20:24,230 --> 00:20:22,400
circled in yellow

573
00:20:26,390 --> 00:20:24,240
at sulfur works we picked three

574
00:20:28,870 --> 00:20:26,400
significant field sites to observe

575
00:20:30,070 --> 00:20:28,880
ridge lake stream upper pond and big

576
00:20:32,390 --> 00:20:30,080
boiler

577
00:20:33,270 --> 00:20:32,400
now moving outside of the volcano we see

578
00:20:36,070 --> 00:20:33,280
the

579
00:20:38,789 --> 00:20:36,080
warner valley area within warner valley

580
00:20:41,350 --> 00:20:38,799
we pick two significant sites to observe

581
00:20:43,590 --> 00:20:41,360
padawa creek and alkaline spring

582
00:20:45,430 --> 00:20:43,600
we will now hear five of our first-year

583
00:20:47,270 --> 00:20:45,440
interns describe the field sites we

584
00:20:51,350 --> 00:20:47,280
observed in lassen volcanic national

585
00:20:52,789 --> 00:20:51,360
park first we will hear from mia gleason

586
00:20:54,870 --> 00:20:52,799
paddle wheel creek is found in the

587
00:20:57,190 --> 00:20:54,880
warner valley area of lassen volcanic

588
00:20:59,110 --> 00:20:57,200
national park paddle wheel creek is a

589
00:21:00,789 --> 00:20:59,120
fresh water stream with conditions that

590
00:21:03,029 --> 00:21:00,799
can commonly be found at any other

591
00:21:04,549 --> 00:21:03,039
national park because they are moderate

592
00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:04,559
and relatively normal

593
00:21:07,990 --> 00:21:06,320
when you approach paddlewheel creek it

594
00:21:09,590 --> 00:21:08,000
appears to be a typical mountain stream

595
00:21:10,470 --> 00:21:09,600
that is thriving with an abundance of

596
00:21:12,230 --> 00:21:10,480
life

597
00:21:14,549 --> 00:21:12,240
there is grass and trees to the edge of

598
00:21:16,310 --> 00:21:14,559
the stream as can be seen in the photo

599
00:21:18,070 --> 00:21:16,320
along with algae in the stream the

600
00:21:20,310 --> 00:21:18,080
temperature and ph support this because

601
00:21:22,070 --> 00:21:20,320
the temperature of paddlewheel creek is

602
00:21:23,190 --> 00:21:22,080
nine celsius which is an average

603
00:21:26,549 --> 00:21:23,200
temperature

604
00:21:29,270 --> 00:21:26,559
and a ph of 6.7 which is neutral the

605
00:21:31,669 --> 00:21:29,280
conductivity of paddlewheel creek is 52

606
00:21:33,270 --> 00:21:31,679
micro siemens there is no volcanic

607
00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:33,280
activity at the site because it is a

608
00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:34,720
fresh water stream

609
00:21:39,029 --> 00:21:36,080
up next natalie moore will be

610
00:21:40,789 --> 00:21:39,039
introducing ridge lake streams

611
00:21:42,789 --> 00:21:40,799
originally extremes of silver works

612
00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:42,799
appears to be a typical mountain stream

613
00:21:47,190 --> 00:21:44,880
it is fed by runoff from ridge lakes and

614
00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:47,200
lassen volcanic national park however

615
00:21:51,510 --> 00:21:48,640
the water chemistry here tells a

616
00:21:53,669 --> 00:21:51,520
different story the ph of 5.8 seems

617
00:21:55,909 --> 00:21:53,679
standard but is low in comparison to

618
00:21:58,470 --> 00:21:55,919
places like padua creek making it

619
00:22:01,270 --> 00:21:58,480
slightly more acidic than that site the

620
00:22:03,190 --> 00:22:01,280
conductivity of 290 is relatively high

621
00:22:05,990 --> 00:22:03,200
when compared as well the stream is

622
00:22:07,909 --> 00:22:06,000
filled with lots of vegetation and algae

623
00:22:11,350 --> 00:22:07,919
and now i'm introducing courtney white

624
00:22:12,870 --> 00:22:11,360
to talk about silverworks upper site

625
00:22:15,110 --> 00:22:12,880
sulfur works upper site is a

626
00:22:16,470 --> 00:22:15,120
hydrothermal feature at lassen volcanic

627
00:22:18,470 --> 00:22:16,480
national park

628
00:22:20,870 --> 00:22:18,480
upper site is a small acidic pool

629
00:22:22,630 --> 00:22:20,880
adjacent to richly extreme with a low ph

630
00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:22,640
and a mild temperature

631
00:22:27,270 --> 00:22:24,400
upper site has a temperature of 10

632
00:22:30,310 --> 00:22:27,280
degrees celsius or 50 degrees fahrenheit

633
00:22:32,310 --> 00:22:30,320
and a ph value of 3.6

634
00:22:33,990 --> 00:22:32,320
the pool appears to be bubbling and the

635
00:22:35,590 --> 00:22:34,000
rica sulfur can be smelled when

636
00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:35,600
approaching the pool

637
00:22:39,990 --> 00:22:38,080
as seen in the top right image upper

638
00:22:42,390 --> 00:22:40,000
site has a beautiful vibrant top layer

639
00:22:44,070 --> 00:22:42,400
of green photosynthetic microbes

640
00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:44,080
when removing the top layer of green

641
00:22:49,350 --> 00:22:46,720
microbes a reddish purple microblade can

642
00:22:51,990 --> 00:22:49,360
be observed below the green surface one

643
00:22:54,789 --> 00:22:52,000
iconic hydrothermal area found at lassen

644
00:22:56,390 --> 00:22:54,799
is the big boiler found at sofa works

645
00:22:58,470 --> 00:22:56,400
when approaching the site you'll notice

646
00:23:00,710 --> 00:22:58,480
the yellow orange clay hillside

647
00:23:03,029 --> 00:23:00,720
surrounding the area and see little to

648
00:23:04,390 --> 00:23:03,039
no vegetation like plants or shrubs

649
00:23:06,549 --> 00:23:04,400
growing around

650
00:23:09,110 --> 00:23:06,559
it also has a strong distinct smell of

651
00:23:11,669 --> 00:23:09,120
rotten eggs which is sulfur and has

652
00:23:14,310 --> 00:23:11,679
boiling mud plots up close

653
00:23:17,110 --> 00:23:14,320
big boiler has a high temperature of 170

654
00:23:19,990 --> 00:23:17,120
degrees fahrenheit down inside and a

655
00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:20,000
acidic ph concentration of three making

656
00:23:24,310 --> 00:23:22,480
the highest in all the field sites

657
00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:24,320
this is because the groundwater reaches

658
00:23:27,669 --> 00:23:26,400
to a boil causing the water to bubble

659
00:23:29,270 --> 00:23:27,679
and steam

660
00:23:32,950 --> 00:23:29,280
the next site being talked about is

661
00:23:34,630 --> 00:23:32,960
warner valley alkaline by maya rodriguez

662
00:23:35,990 --> 00:23:34,640
at first glance the alkaline site in

663
00:23:37,990 --> 00:23:36,000
warner valley seemed to be a healthy

664
00:23:39,750 --> 00:23:38,000
stream much like paddleville creek

665
00:23:41,510 --> 00:23:39,760
however looking closer we saw it was

666
00:23:42,870 --> 00:23:41,520
much different in these pictures you

667
00:23:44,390 --> 00:23:42,880
could see a thermal image of the heat

668
00:23:46,470 --> 00:23:44,400
coming from the water that there was

669
00:23:47,990 --> 00:23:46,480
steam coming off the water little to no

670
00:23:49,830 --> 00:23:48,000
plant life weathered rocks around the

671
00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:49,840
stream and thick green micro mats along

672
00:23:53,830 --> 00:23:51,840
with a few dead insects in the stream

673
00:23:56,390 --> 00:23:53,840
additionally it has a temperature of 62

674
00:23:58,950 --> 00:23:56,400
degrees celsius or 144 degrees

675
00:24:01,990 --> 00:23:58,960
fahrenheit at ph of 6.6 and a

676
00:24:03,669 --> 00:24:02,000
conductivity level of 1010 together this

677
00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:03,679
indicated a much different environment

678
00:24:06,630 --> 00:24:04,960
at the alkaline site than we have

679
00:24:08,710 --> 00:24:06,640
encountered in lassen volcanic national

680
00:24:10,310 --> 00:24:08,720
park

681
00:24:11,830 --> 00:24:10,320
after viewing the field sites we

682
00:24:13,190 --> 00:24:11,840
returned with questions regarding the

683
00:24:15,350 --> 00:24:13,200
various readings we took and

684
00:24:16,789 --> 00:24:15,360
observations we made why did we see the

685
00:24:18,549 --> 00:24:16,799
various differences in ph and

686
00:24:20,870 --> 00:24:18,559
temperature and why did we observe

687
00:24:22,870 --> 00:24:20,880
differences in the life of each site we

688
00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:22,880
set up several experiments to explain

689
00:24:27,190 --> 00:24:25,440
these differences now liam rano will

690
00:24:29,830 --> 00:24:27,200
give us a brief introduction to the lab

691
00:24:32,230 --> 00:24:29,840
environment and tools we used

692
00:24:33,830 --> 00:24:32,240
using the meters shown ph conductivity

693
00:24:34,630 --> 00:24:33,840
and temperature were measured from each

694
00:24:37,750 --> 00:24:34,640
site

695
00:24:39,750 --> 00:24:37,760
ph is a measurement of acidity from 0-14

696
00:24:42,149 --> 00:24:39,760
sites at lassen volcanic national park

697
00:24:44,470 --> 00:24:42,159
range between the acidic levels of 1.7

698
00:24:46,549 --> 00:24:44,480
and 7. conductivity is a measurement of

699
00:24:48,230 --> 00:24:46,559
the dissolved solids known as ions

700
00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:48,240
cations are positively charged and

701
00:24:51,669 --> 00:24:49,840
anions are negative

702
00:24:53,590 --> 00:24:51,679
sulfate is an anion we've measured from

703
00:24:56,230 --> 00:24:53,600
the sites produced when the volcanic gas

704
00:24:58,070 --> 00:24:56,240
hydrogen sulfide reacts with oxygen and

705
00:25:00,070 --> 00:24:58,080
water this creates the acid that

706
00:25:01,669 --> 00:25:00,080
contributes to the acidity of sites and

707
00:25:03,190 --> 00:25:01,679
indicates the presence of volcanic

708
00:25:05,269 --> 00:25:03,200
activity

709
00:25:07,029 --> 00:25:05,279
we will now hear two of our first-year

710
00:25:08,630 --> 00:25:07,039
interns describe and discuss our

711
00:25:10,870 --> 00:25:08,640
findings from the water chemistry

712
00:25:12,390 --> 00:25:10,880
experiments we conducted in the lab

713
00:25:14,230 --> 00:25:12,400
these experiments were designed to

714
00:25:16,710 --> 00:25:14,240
explain the interactions between rock

715
00:25:17,830 --> 00:25:16,720
and water of various ph and temperature

716
00:25:20,070 --> 00:25:17,840
values

717
00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:20,080
first we will hear from john sheffield

718
00:25:25,350 --> 00:25:21,840
who will be discussing the effect rock

719
00:25:27,590 --> 00:25:25,360
has on the ph of a solution

720
00:25:29,990 --> 00:25:27,600
during our visitations at the lassen

721
00:25:32,230 --> 00:25:30,000
volcanic national park field sites we

722
00:25:34,310 --> 00:25:32,240
are presented with a question of how the

723
00:25:36,630 --> 00:25:34,320
ph at these different field sites will

724
00:25:39,029 --> 00:25:36,640
react with the rocks surrounding them

725
00:25:41,029 --> 00:25:39,039
our hypothesis for this question was

726
00:25:42,950 --> 00:25:41,039
that the ph of these field sites were

727
00:25:45,750 --> 00:25:42,960
dissolving the rock into the water which

728
00:25:47,990 --> 00:25:45,760
raised the ph to test our hypothesis we

729
00:25:49,990 --> 00:25:48,000
set up six different testing stations

730
00:25:52,470 --> 00:25:50,000
that fluctuated in both ph and

731
00:25:53,990 --> 00:25:52,480
temperature we then used the two rocks

732
00:25:56,470 --> 00:25:54,000
found in abundance near the lassen

733
00:25:59,110 --> 00:25:56,480
volcanic national park field sites as

734
00:26:01,430 --> 00:25:59,120
rock powder the data below shows that

735
00:26:03,990 --> 00:26:01,440
over our month-long experiment we had to

736
00:26:05,909 --> 00:26:04,000
continually add sulfuric acid to the

737
00:26:08,950 --> 00:26:05,919
solution to lower the ph down to the

738
00:26:12,070 --> 00:26:08,960
desired ph this can be seen in each line

739
00:26:14,630 --> 00:26:12,080
with the green line meaning 3 200

740
00:26:17,350 --> 00:26:14,640
micro moles of sulfuric acid over 30

741
00:26:18,909 --> 00:26:17,360
days to lower to the original ph and the

742
00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:18,919
red line needing

743
00:26:24,149 --> 00:26:22,000
9700 micromoles when observing the

744
00:26:27,269 --> 00:26:24,159
yellow and blue line the ph of both is

745
00:26:29,909 --> 00:26:27,279
5.5 which is closer to a neutral ph of

746
00:26:31,990 --> 00:26:29,919
7. this results in their ph raising a

747
00:26:34,070 --> 00:26:32,000
much smaller amount each week when

748
00:26:35,269 --> 00:26:34,080
compared to the solutions with a ph of

749
00:26:37,269 --> 00:26:35,279
2.

750
00:26:39,190 --> 00:26:37,279
therefore from these experiments we can

751
00:26:41,110 --> 00:26:39,200
conclude that rock reacting with an

752
00:26:42,950 --> 00:26:41,120
acidic solution will raise the acidic

753
00:26:45,590 --> 00:26:42,960
solutions ph

754
00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:45,600
i will now be introducing aubrey norton

755
00:26:51,269 --> 00:26:47,840
who is presenting solubility of rock at

756
00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:51,279
different ph and temperatures

757
00:26:54,230 --> 00:26:52,480
we compared the change of net

758
00:26:56,310 --> 00:26:54,240
conductivity in experiments that have

759
00:26:58,149 --> 00:26:56,320
like ph's and different temperatures we

760
00:26:59,750 --> 00:26:58,159
know that any difference in conductivity

761
00:27:01,269 --> 00:26:59,760
between the two experiments must be

762
00:27:03,029 --> 00:27:01,279
because of the change in temperature

763
00:27:04,950 --> 00:27:03,039
because that is the only difference the

764
00:27:07,430 --> 00:27:04,960
same goes for having like temperatures

765
00:27:09,110 --> 00:27:07,440
in different phs net conductivity is the

766
00:27:11,190 --> 00:27:09,120
total amount of rock dissolved into

767
00:27:13,029 --> 00:27:11,200
solution during an experiment

768
00:27:15,029 --> 00:27:13,039
we hypothesized that solutions with a

769
00:27:17,029 --> 00:27:15,039
lower ph were able to dissolve more

770
00:27:19,110 --> 00:27:17,039
wrong to solution than that of a higher

771
00:27:21,269 --> 00:27:19,120
ph we were able to test this through two

772
00:27:23,669 --> 00:27:21,279
experiments one experiment had a ph of

773
00:27:24,870 --> 00:27:23,679
two and the other had a ph of five and

774
00:27:27,269 --> 00:27:24,880
both are at the same constant

775
00:27:29,350 --> 00:27:27,279
temperature our data shows that in fact

776
00:27:31,750 --> 00:27:29,360
the lower ph was able to dissolve more

777
00:27:33,110 --> 00:27:31,760
rock into solution our next hypothesis

778
00:27:35,110 --> 00:27:33,120
was that solutions with a higher

779
00:27:36,950 --> 00:27:35,120
temperature were able to dissolve more

780
00:27:38,710 --> 00:27:36,960
rock into solution than that of a lower

781
00:27:40,389 --> 00:27:38,720
temperature we will assess this through

782
00:27:42,230 --> 00:27:40,399
two experiments one experiment had a

783
00:27:43,750 --> 00:27:42,240
temperature of 35 degrees celsius the

784
00:27:45,110 --> 00:27:43,760
other had a temperature of 20 degrees

785
00:27:47,590 --> 00:27:45,120
celsius and both were at the same

786
00:27:48,950 --> 00:27:47,600
constant ph our data shows that in fact

787
00:27:51,669 --> 00:27:48,960
the higher temperature was able to

788
00:27:53,669 --> 00:27:51,679
dissolve more rock to solution

789
00:27:55,830 --> 00:27:53,679
we will now hear four of our first year

790
00:27:58,149 --> 00:27:55,840
interns describe and discuss our

791
00:27:59,990 --> 00:27:58,159
findings from the microbial incubations

792
00:28:01,510 --> 00:28:00,000
we conducted in the lab

793
00:28:04,149 --> 00:28:01,520
these experiments were designed to

794
00:28:05,909 --> 00:28:04,159
explain and explore the effect of

795
00:28:08,149 --> 00:28:05,919
altering the various variables of a

796
00:28:10,149 --> 00:28:08,159
microbes environment first we will hear

797
00:28:12,710 --> 00:28:10,159
from sierra lim on the effect of

798
00:28:14,630 --> 00:28:12,720
altering light

799
00:28:16,789 --> 00:28:14,640
we tested the impact of changing the

800
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:16,799
color on microbes to see how much of the

801
00:28:21,029 --> 00:28:18,640
microbial life and diversity would be

802
00:28:23,110 --> 00:28:21,039
affected to test this microbes from the

803
00:28:25,590 --> 00:28:23,120
big boiler and alkyne sites were put

804
00:28:27,269 --> 00:28:25,600
into a container that only allowed blue

805
00:28:28,789 --> 00:28:27,279
light to transit through

806
00:28:30,710 --> 00:28:28,799
this experiment gives us a better

807
00:28:32,870 --> 00:28:30,720
understanding of which microbes can

808
00:28:34,389 --> 00:28:32,880
survive in temperature changing climates

809
00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:34,399
which correlates to the past life on

810
00:28:37,990 --> 00:28:35,520
mars

811
00:28:39,990 --> 00:28:38,000
after examination growth of the microbes

812
00:28:42,230 --> 00:28:40,000
was inhibited by the lack of light and

813
00:28:44,870 --> 00:28:42,240
energy that is typically provided

814
00:28:47,029 --> 00:28:44,880
primarily from red or orange color waves

815
00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:47,039
which are being filtered out

816
00:28:51,430 --> 00:28:48,880
however some microbes were able to

817
00:28:53,590 --> 00:28:51,440
survive and be unaffected by the change

818
00:28:56,070 --> 00:28:53,600
as they were more heavily rely on the

819
00:28:58,789 --> 00:28:56,080
blue light that was still present in the

820
00:29:01,909 --> 00:28:58,799
system unlike some microbes that needed

821
00:29:03,430 --> 00:29:01,919
the red or orange light to prosper

822
00:29:05,430 --> 00:29:03,440
when we gathered the microbes from

823
00:29:06,950 --> 00:29:05,440
lassen volcanic national park we tested

824
00:29:08,389 --> 00:29:06,960
the microbes ability to adapt to

825
00:29:09,990 --> 00:29:08,399
different environments

826
00:29:12,149 --> 00:29:10,000
one of these environmental changes was

827
00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:12,159
the effects of temperature we created

828
00:29:16,230 --> 00:29:13,760
two different went grazie columns to

829
00:29:17,830 --> 00:29:16,240
determine this effect the first column

830
00:29:19,830 --> 00:29:17,840
was the control and the second was the

831
00:29:22,070 --> 00:29:19,840
experimental the control was kept at

832
00:29:24,310 --> 00:29:22,080
room temperature registering at 74

833
00:29:26,950 --> 00:29:24,320
degrees fahrenheit the experiment was

834
00:29:28,950 --> 00:29:26,960
kept in an incubator registering at 105

835
00:29:30,789 --> 00:29:28,960
degrees fahrenheit for the next two

836
00:29:33,350 --> 00:29:30,799
months we observed any physical change

837
00:29:35,269 --> 00:29:33,360
to our columns the first two pictures

838
00:29:36,710 --> 00:29:35,279
show the control of the experiment the

839
00:29:38,149 --> 00:29:36,720
one on the left is the one agonizing

840
00:29:40,470 --> 00:29:38,159
column and the one on the right is the

841
00:29:42,389 --> 00:29:40,480
microbes under a microscope you can see

842
00:29:43,510 --> 00:29:42,399
the biomass of the community is strong

843
00:29:45,110 --> 00:29:43,520
and there are different types of

844
00:29:47,029 --> 00:29:45,120
microbes which show that there's a high

845
00:29:48,389 --> 00:29:47,039
amount of biodiversity

846
00:29:50,630 --> 00:29:48,399
the pictures on the bottom show the

847
00:29:52,870 --> 00:29:50,640
experimental column under the microscope

848
00:29:55,029 --> 00:29:52,880
we can see that biodiversity is lacking

849
00:29:56,789 --> 00:29:55,039
as you can see the change is drastically

850
00:29:58,310 --> 00:29:56,799
different the biomass of the community

851
00:30:00,549 --> 00:29:58,320
has greatly decreased as well as the

852
00:30:02,389 --> 00:30:00,559
biodiversity after the two month

853
00:30:03,669 --> 00:30:02,399
observation period we concluded that

854
00:30:05,190 --> 00:30:03,679
when the temperature was either raised

855
00:30:07,029 --> 00:30:05,200
or lowered from the original temperature

856
00:30:08,950 --> 00:30:07,039
of the field sites it would negatively

857
00:30:11,190 --> 00:30:08,960
affect the microbes both in biomass and

858
00:30:12,789 --> 00:30:11,200
in biodiversity now that we covered the

859
00:30:14,470 --> 00:30:12,799
effect of temperature on the microbes

860
00:30:17,590 --> 00:30:14,480
russ and vaught will introduce the

861
00:30:21,110 --> 00:30:19,350
after our visit to lassen volcanic

862
00:30:22,789 --> 00:30:21,120
national park we wanted to determine the

863
00:30:25,029 --> 00:30:22,799
extent of environmental changes these

864
00:30:27,029 --> 00:30:25,039
microbes can handle we tested how ph

865
00:30:29,269 --> 00:30:27,039
would affect these microbes our initial

866
00:30:30,789 --> 00:30:29,279
hypothesis was that a change in ph in a

867
00:30:32,230 --> 00:30:30,799
microbes environment would visually

868
00:30:33,510 --> 00:30:32,240
change their growth in abundance and

869
00:30:35,029 --> 00:30:33,520
diversity

870
00:30:36,710 --> 00:30:35,039
during the experiment we checked the ph

871
00:30:38,950 --> 00:30:36,720
of the control and experimental every

872
00:30:40,470 --> 00:30:38,960
friday for the next two months after

873
00:30:42,549 --> 00:30:40,480
experimenting we determined that the

874
00:30:44,710 --> 00:30:42,559
original showed optimal growth in

875
00:30:46,870 --> 00:30:44,720
biomass and biodiversity

876
00:30:48,950 --> 00:30:46,880
while the experimental showed little

877
00:30:50,789 --> 00:30:48,960
growth in biomass and biodiversity

878
00:30:53,590 --> 00:30:50,799
resulting in us to believe that an

879
00:30:55,350 --> 00:30:53,600
increase or decrease in ph negatively

880
00:30:57,269 --> 00:30:55,360
affects the microbes in all aspects of

881
00:30:59,190 --> 00:30:57,279
life as shown by the reduction of

882
00:31:00,789 --> 00:30:59,200
biodiversity and biomass

883
00:31:03,830 --> 00:31:00,799
now we will talk about the effects of

884
00:31:05,750 --> 00:31:03,840
change in concentration on the microbes

885
00:31:08,149 --> 00:31:05,760
solute concentration otherwise referred

886
00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:08,159
to as conductivity is measure of ions

887
00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:10,320
dissolved in solution these ions are

888
00:31:15,590 --> 00:31:12,640
utilized by microbes as a source of

889
00:31:17,029 --> 00:31:15,600
nutrients or a fertilizer

890
00:31:18,789 --> 00:31:17,039
field sites in washington volcanic

891
00:31:20,630 --> 00:31:18,799
national park had a variety of ions

892
00:31:22,310 --> 00:31:20,640
dissolved in solution and a broad range

893
00:31:23,909 --> 00:31:22,320
of conductivity values

894
00:31:25,669 --> 00:31:23,919
certain microbes are specially evolved

895
00:31:28,230 --> 00:31:25,679
to survive in a specific set or

896
00:31:29,830 --> 00:31:28,240
threshold of conditions and have a

897
00:31:31,350 --> 00:31:29,840
threshold of solute concentrations that

898
00:31:32,789 --> 00:31:31,360
they can survive in

899
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:32,799
our general hypothesis for lab

900
00:31:36,470 --> 00:31:34,480
experimentation was that a decrease in

901
00:31:38,310 --> 00:31:36,480
conductivity would lead to a decrease in

902
00:31:40,470 --> 00:31:38,320
microbial activity and vice versa

903
00:31:42,230 --> 00:31:40,480
depending on the magnitude of the change

904
00:31:44,549 --> 00:31:42,240
however lab experimentation provided

905
00:31:46,310 --> 00:31:44,559
inclusive results as no apparent

906
00:31:48,630 --> 00:31:46,320
correlation between solute concentration

907
00:31:50,310 --> 00:31:48,640
and microbe activity could be found

908
00:31:51,909 --> 00:31:50,320
pictures of these lab cultures can be

909
00:31:54,070 --> 00:31:51,919
observed to the right with the number of

910
00:31:55,750 --> 00:31:54,080
days magnitude of change and field site

911
00:31:57,509 --> 00:31:55,760
indicated

912
00:31:59,430 --> 00:31:57,519
earlier we had questions on why the

913
00:32:02,389 --> 00:31:59,440
various field sites had differences in

914
00:32:04,230 --> 00:32:02,399
ph connectivity and microbial life

915
00:32:06,070 --> 00:32:04,240
after conducting our experiments and

916
00:32:07,830 --> 00:32:06,080
compiling our results we now have

917
00:32:09,430 --> 00:32:07,840
answers to those questions

918
00:32:11,990 --> 00:32:09,440
we have gained a new understanding of

919
00:32:13,669 --> 00:32:12,000
how lassen volcanic national park works

920
00:32:15,430 --> 00:32:13,679
and we feel confident that we can share

921
00:32:17,350 --> 00:32:15,440
that understanding with you

922
00:32:19,269 --> 00:32:17,360
now you will hear all five of the second

923
00:32:21,909 --> 00:32:19,279
year interns interpret the field sites

924
00:32:23,990 --> 00:32:21,919
with our new understanding

925
00:32:25,990 --> 00:32:24,000
as mentioned earlier padwo creek is a

926
00:32:27,909 --> 00:32:26,000
typical mountain stream that exists as

927
00:32:30,710 --> 00:32:27,919
snowmelt and rainfall flows through the

928
00:32:33,669 --> 00:32:30,720
valley the ph of rainwater is around 5

929
00:32:35,669 --> 00:32:33,679
while the ph of the stream is around 6.7

930
00:32:37,669 --> 00:32:35,679
this change in ph is explained by our

931
00:32:39,350 --> 00:32:37,679
rock dissolution experiments where we

932
00:32:41,750 --> 00:32:39,360
prove that the ph of the solution

933
00:32:42,870 --> 00:32:41,760
increases over time as rock is dissolved

934
00:32:44,710 --> 00:32:42,880
within it

935
00:32:46,710 --> 00:32:44,720
we also saw in our rotten solution

936
00:32:49,110 --> 00:32:46,720
experiments that environments with a

937
00:32:51,190 --> 00:32:49,120
neutral ph in cold temperature dissolve

938
00:32:53,110 --> 00:32:51,200
rock but at a fairly slow rate

939
00:32:55,029 --> 00:32:53,120
which explains why the conditivity is so

940
00:32:57,350 --> 00:32:55,039
low and why there is not a large

941
00:32:59,909 --> 00:32:57,360
increase in ph from the original as only

942
00:33:01,509 --> 00:32:59,919
a small amount of solutes were dissolved

943
00:33:03,669 --> 00:33:01,519
paddle acreage also contains an

944
00:33:05,190 --> 00:33:03,679
extremely low level of sulfate which is

945
00:33:07,110 --> 00:33:05,200
because of the lack of hydrothermal

946
00:33:09,029 --> 00:33:07,120
input seen at the site

947
00:33:11,750 --> 00:33:09,039
once again confirming the simplicity of

948
00:33:14,230 --> 00:33:11,760
the treat the mitral zapata will create

949
00:33:16,230 --> 00:33:14,240
which primarily consist of a green algae

950
00:33:18,230 --> 00:33:16,240
are able to survive and grow due to the

951
00:33:20,789 --> 00:33:18,240
mild conditions they live in in the

952
00:33:22,470 --> 00:33:20,799
biology experiments previously discussed

953
00:33:24,630 --> 00:33:22,480
these conditions have a neutral ph and

954
00:33:27,110 --> 00:33:24,640
pool temperature allow for steady growth

955
00:33:29,350 --> 00:33:27,120
and a variety of diverse microbes are

956
00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:29,360
seen when these conditions are mimicked

957
00:33:33,509 --> 00:33:31,360
now austral will discuss the water

958
00:33:36,389 --> 00:33:33,519
chemistry found at the ridgewater stream

959
00:33:38,549 --> 00:33:36,399
of sulfur works

960
00:33:40,549 --> 00:33:38,559
the rich lake stream resembles very much

961
00:33:42,870 --> 00:33:40,559
the image of paddle wheel creek

962
00:33:44,710 --> 00:33:42,880
that of a typical mountain stream

963
00:33:46,789 --> 00:33:44,720
its main source is run up from snowmelt

964
00:33:48,870 --> 00:33:46,799
and rainfall and its low temperature of

965
00:33:52,470 --> 00:33:48,880
40 degrees fahrenheit is indicative of

966
00:33:54,389 --> 00:33:52,480
the cold climate typically seen

967
00:33:55,669 --> 00:33:54,399
while the ph of rich lake was measured

968
00:33:57,350 --> 00:33:55,679
at 5.8

969
00:33:59,430 --> 00:33:57,360
we can assume that its actual page would

970
00:34:00,870 --> 00:33:59,440
be closer to that padawa creek when

971
00:34:04,149 --> 00:34:00,880
accounting for the ph change from the

972
00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:04,159
snowstorm during the measurements

973
00:34:08,310 --> 00:34:06,480
this is because as stated before our

974
00:34:10,470 --> 00:34:08,320
rock distillation experiments indicated

975
00:34:11,349 --> 00:34:10,480
a rising ph when locked itself within

976
00:34:13,109 --> 00:34:11,359
water

977
00:34:15,349 --> 00:34:13,119
just like pedal wheel

978
00:34:17,270 --> 00:34:15,359
however deviations start to appear when

979
00:34:18,470 --> 00:34:17,280
talking about conductivity and sulfate

980
00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:18,480
levels

981
00:34:22,950 --> 00:34:20,480
contrary to pedal wheels conductivity of

982
00:34:25,109 --> 00:34:22,960
only 52 micro siemens

983
00:34:27,430 --> 00:34:25,119
rich lake was at a low to moderate level

984
00:34:28,629 --> 00:34:27,440
of 290 micro siemens

985
00:34:30,550 --> 00:34:28,639
likewise

986
00:34:33,270 --> 00:34:30,560
rich lake had a relatively higher level

987
00:34:35,190 --> 00:34:33,280
of sulfate of 1260 micromoles when

988
00:34:36,629 --> 00:34:35,200
compared to pythagoreal creek

989
00:34:37,750 --> 00:34:36,639
as seen in the rock dissolution

990
00:34:40,149 --> 00:34:37,760
experiments

991
00:34:42,710 --> 00:34:40,159
high levels of sulfate were suggested

992
00:34:44,710 --> 00:34:42,720
for hydrothermal influence present

993
00:34:46,389 --> 00:34:44,720
within a rich lake stream

994
00:34:48,790 --> 00:34:46,399
indicating some sort of volcanic

995
00:34:50,550 --> 00:34:48,800
activity feeding into it

996
00:34:53,030 --> 00:34:50,560
the presence of hydrothermal activity

997
00:34:54,550 --> 00:34:53,040
helps explain to a strange conductivity

998
00:34:57,190 --> 00:34:54,560
with the soldiers from the source of the

999
00:34:59,109 --> 00:34:57,200
hydrothermal activity activity flowed

1000
00:35:01,270 --> 00:34:59,119
into the stream to increase the

1001
00:35:03,589 --> 00:35:01,280
conductivity to such a level

1002
00:35:05,270 --> 00:35:03,599
however we are unsure if the soviet

1003
00:35:07,510 --> 00:35:05,280
comes from an event directly connected

1004
00:35:08,710 --> 00:35:07,520
to the stream or run up from another

1005
00:35:10,550 --> 00:35:08,720
site

1006
00:35:12,790 --> 00:35:10,560
regarding the biology of rich like

1007
00:35:14,790 --> 00:35:12,800
stream there seems to be a relatively

1008
00:35:16,630 --> 00:35:14,800
relative amount of microbes subsisting

1009
00:35:18,950 --> 00:35:16,640
well in their environment despite the

1010
00:35:21,270 --> 00:35:18,960
higher than usual sulfate level

1011
00:35:23,510 --> 00:35:21,280
as seen in their microbe experiments

1012
00:35:26,550 --> 00:35:23,520
the moderate moderate conductivity

1013
00:35:28,230 --> 00:35:26,560
levels and neutral ph allows for steady

1014
00:35:32,310 --> 00:35:28,240
and abundant growth

1015
00:35:36,470 --> 00:35:34,150
the sulfur works upper pond is a field

1016
00:35:38,310 --> 00:35:36,480
site with clear hydrothermal input here

1017
00:35:39,990 --> 00:35:38,320
we saw bubbling in the pond which one

1018
00:35:42,230 --> 00:35:40,000
could assume means it had an elevated

1019
00:35:44,390 --> 00:35:42,240
temperature however the pond had a cool

1020
00:35:46,630 --> 00:35:44,400
temperature of 10 degrees celsius or 50

1021
00:35:48,310 --> 00:35:46,640
degrees fahrenheit this low temperature

1022
00:35:50,150 --> 00:35:48,320
means that the bubbling is not a result

1023
00:35:52,150 --> 00:35:50,160
of high temperature

1024
00:35:53,829 --> 00:35:52,160
we then can assume that this bubbling is

1025
00:35:54,870 --> 00:35:53,839
a result of the release of volcanic

1026
00:35:56,710 --> 00:35:54,880
gases

1027
00:35:59,750 --> 00:35:56,720
the pond had a relatively high sulfate

1028
00:36:02,150 --> 00:35:59,760
level of 2010 and as we already

1029
00:36:04,630 --> 00:36:02,160
discussed the high sulfate level is a

1030
00:36:06,390 --> 00:36:04,640
result of volcanic gases specifically

1031
00:36:08,230 --> 00:36:06,400
hydrogen sulfide

1032
00:36:09,990 --> 00:36:08,240
this gas is a clear indication of

1033
00:36:13,030 --> 00:36:10,000
hydrothermal input

1034
00:36:14,950 --> 00:36:13,040
the pond also had a low ph of 3.6 this

1035
00:36:17,349 --> 00:36:14,960
is yet another indicator of hydrothermal

1036
00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:17,359
activity the low ph resulting from the

1037
00:36:21,750 --> 00:36:19,760
present sulfuric acid

1038
00:36:24,230 --> 00:36:21,760
the upper pond also had a low to

1039
00:36:25,589 --> 00:36:24,240
moderate conductivity of 385

1040
00:36:27,030 --> 00:36:25,599
microsiemens

1041
00:36:30,230 --> 00:36:27,040
this is consistent with our rock

1042
00:36:32,470 --> 00:36:30,240
dissolution experiment the low ph of 3.6

1043
00:36:34,870 --> 00:36:32,480
being more effective at dissolving rock

1044
00:36:37,109 --> 00:36:34,880
despite the low ph the upper pond is

1045
00:36:38,870 --> 00:36:37,119
abundant in microbial life one can

1046
00:36:41,270 --> 00:36:38,880
visually see this by the distinct and

1047
00:36:42,790 --> 00:36:41,280
vibrant green hue of the pond however

1048
00:36:45,270 --> 00:36:42,800
these microbes are visually different

1049
00:36:46,630 --> 00:36:45,280
from the microbes we saw at padawa creek

1050
00:36:48,470 --> 00:36:46,640
meaning the differences in water

1051
00:36:50,310 --> 00:36:48,480
chemistry has influenced the microbial

1052
00:36:51,109 --> 00:36:50,320
communities

1053
00:36:52,790 --> 00:36:51,119
now

1054
00:36:56,630 --> 00:36:52,800
hiram bliss will describe to us the

1055
00:37:01,270 --> 00:36:59,030
seeing big boiler it is a large pool of

1056
00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:01,280
bubbling and hot mud you can smell the

1057
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:03,760
distinct sulfur smell up close and

1058
00:37:08,470 --> 00:37:06,320
easily see how volcanic the side is

1059
00:37:10,230 --> 00:37:08,480
as you can see the mud pot has been

1060
00:37:12,310 --> 00:37:10,240
practically carved into the hillside

1061
00:37:14,310 --> 00:37:12,320
over time from the acidic environment

1062
00:37:15,829 --> 00:37:14,320
and hydrothermal activity

1063
00:37:17,829 --> 00:37:15,839
the reactions and conditions have

1064
00:37:20,470 --> 00:37:17,839
altered the entire environment of that

1065
00:37:22,790 --> 00:37:20,480
area digging in the hole of the mud plot

1066
00:37:25,190 --> 00:37:22,800
melting all the snow around the site

1067
00:37:26,870 --> 00:37:25,200
and creating that smell of sulfur

1068
00:37:28,550 --> 00:37:26,880
the sensory evidence along with the

1069
00:37:30,710 --> 00:37:28,560
sulfate level being so much higher than

1070
00:37:32,870 --> 00:37:30,720
other sites provide evidence of how

1071
00:37:34,150 --> 00:37:32,880
hydrothermal activity is very active in

1072
00:37:38,150 --> 00:37:34,160
big boiler

1073
00:37:40,710 --> 00:37:38,160
between rocks and water like john spoke

1074
00:37:42,550 --> 00:37:40,720
about earlier as you can see the ph is

1075
00:37:44,950 --> 00:37:42,560
still pretty low due to the constant

1076
00:37:46,390 --> 00:37:44,960
inactive hydrothermal activity and the

1077
00:37:48,470 --> 00:37:46,400
acidic environment that is keeping the

1078
00:37:50,310 --> 00:37:48,480
ph as low as it is

1079
00:37:52,390 --> 00:37:50,320
due to the low ph and the high

1080
00:37:54,069 --> 00:37:52,400
temperature created by created by the

1081
00:37:56,390 --> 00:37:54,079
hydrothermal activity

1082
00:37:58,310 --> 00:37:56,400
both of which work to increase the

1083
00:38:01,030 --> 00:37:58,320
reaction rate and efficacy of the

1084
00:38:02,950 --> 00:38:01,040
chemical reactions big boiler has a

1085
00:38:04,950 --> 00:38:02,960
really high conductivity

1086
00:38:07,190 --> 00:38:04,960
similar to what we would expect based on

1087
00:38:09,589 --> 00:38:07,200
our rock distribution experiments

1088
00:38:11,430 --> 00:38:09,599
high temperature and the low ph makes

1089
00:38:14,310 --> 00:38:11,440
solutions a lot better at reacting with

1090
00:38:16,069 --> 00:38:14,320
the rocks as evidence of this at big

1091
00:38:18,390 --> 00:38:16,079
boiler you can see the connectivity is

1092
00:38:20,630 --> 00:38:18,400
so high especially compared to the other

1093
00:38:22,550 --> 00:38:20,640
sites like paddleworld creek that have

1094
00:38:24,710 --> 00:38:22,560
more ambient temperatures and closer to

1095
00:38:26,790 --> 00:38:24,720
neutral ph values

1096
00:38:28,630 --> 00:38:26,800
another byproduct of big boiler being in

1097
00:38:30,310 --> 00:38:28,640
this incredibly acidic and extreme

1098
00:38:31,430 --> 00:38:30,320
environment and having a high

1099
00:38:33,670 --> 00:38:31,440
temperature

1100
00:38:36,790 --> 00:38:33,680
is the small amount of life around in

1101
00:38:39,030 --> 00:38:36,800
mudbot the microbes here consist of

1102
00:38:40,630 --> 00:38:39,040
extremophiles which are extremely

1103
00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:40,640
tolerant microbes

1104
00:38:43,910 --> 00:38:42,160
this is because these microbes are the

1105
00:38:46,230 --> 00:38:43,920
only life that are able to live in big

1106
00:38:48,310 --> 00:38:46,240
boilers intense environment the high

1107
00:38:50,870 --> 00:38:48,320
temperature and low ph make the

1108
00:38:53,030 --> 00:38:50,880
conditions too harsh and inhospitable

1109
00:38:54,950 --> 00:38:53,040
for most things to survive

1110
00:38:57,270 --> 00:38:54,960
similar to how only a small amount of

1111
00:38:59,109 --> 00:38:57,280
microbes can live in big boiler we saw

1112
00:39:01,030 --> 00:38:59,119
in our biology experiments that microbes

1113
00:39:03,270 --> 00:39:01,040
and extremely high temperatures did not

1114
00:39:05,030 --> 00:39:03,280
grow very well or died

1115
00:39:07,030 --> 00:39:05,040
olivia will now explain the water

1116
00:39:09,750 --> 00:39:07,040
chemistry and biological environment of

1117
00:39:11,910 --> 00:39:09,760
our alkaline site

1118
00:39:13,910 --> 00:39:11,920
as stated previously in the presentation

1119
00:39:15,430 --> 00:39:13,920
the alkaline site is a stream that runs

1120
00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:15,440
through water valley

1121
00:39:19,910 --> 00:39:17,599
peering into the steaming water one can

1122
00:39:21,349 --> 00:39:19,920
observe that there are thick mats of of

1123
00:39:23,109 --> 00:39:21,359
green biomass

1124
00:39:24,470 --> 00:39:23,119
water samples taken from the site

1125
00:39:27,990 --> 00:39:24,480
indicate that the temperature of the

1126
00:39:30,150 --> 00:39:28,000
water is 62 degrees celsius or about 150

1127
00:39:33,190 --> 00:39:30,160
degrees fahrenheit and the amount of

1128
00:39:34,630 --> 00:39:33,200
solutes dissolved in the spring is 1010

1129
00:39:36,550 --> 00:39:34,640
micro siemens

1130
00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:36,560
the most shocking fact about this spring

1131
00:39:39,910 --> 00:39:38,480
is that the ph recorded at the site is

1132
00:39:41,990 --> 00:39:39,920
6.6

1133
00:39:43,510 --> 00:39:42,000
this ph has about the same neutrality as

1134
00:39:45,910 --> 00:39:43,520
bottled water

1135
00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:45,920
from our rock dissolution experiment we

1136
00:39:50,150 --> 00:39:48,160
hypothesized that solutions sitting at a

1137
00:39:52,950 --> 00:39:50,160
high temperature would dissolve more

1138
00:39:54,550 --> 00:39:52,960
solutes which was proven to be correct

1139
00:39:56,230 --> 00:39:54,560
the higher temperature at the site is

1140
00:39:58,870 --> 00:39:56,240
the explaining factor into why the

1141
00:40:02,230 --> 00:39:58,880
solute concentration is so high

1142
00:40:04,470 --> 00:40:02,240
the sulfate concentration of 1 690

1143
00:40:05,990 --> 00:40:04,480
micromoles and the high temperature

1144
00:40:07,670 --> 00:40:06,000
indicate that there is hydrothermal

1145
00:40:09,589 --> 00:40:07,680
output

1146
00:40:11,109 --> 00:40:09,599
a high conductivity and high sulfate

1147
00:40:13,190 --> 00:40:11,119
levels is what would be typically

1148
00:40:15,430 --> 00:40:13,200
recorded at a site

1149
00:40:17,750 --> 00:40:15,440
with hydrothermal output what makes the

1150
00:40:20,069 --> 00:40:17,760
alkaline site so unique is that the ph

1151
00:40:22,230 --> 00:40:20,079
is neutral in contrast to sites like big

1152
00:40:23,510 --> 00:40:22,240
boiler and upper pond

1153
00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:23,520
this can be explained in our rock

1154
00:40:26,870 --> 00:40:25,200
dissolution experiment

1155
00:40:29,589 --> 00:40:26,880
as john said earlier in our first

1156
00:40:31,589 --> 00:40:29,599
hypothesis as acid interacts with rocks

1157
00:40:32,550 --> 00:40:31,599
it raises the ph over long periods of

1158
00:40:34,390 --> 00:40:32,560
time

1159
00:40:36,309 --> 00:40:34,400
for thousands of years the water has

1160
00:40:39,829 --> 00:40:36,319
been interacting with the rocks raising

1161
00:40:42,150 --> 00:40:39,839
the ph this high ph is what allows the

1162
00:40:45,190 --> 00:40:42,160
thick green massive microbes to flourish

1163
00:40:46,069 --> 00:40:45,200
even under such high temperatures

1164
00:40:48,309 --> 00:40:46,079
which

1165
00:40:50,150 --> 00:40:48,319
over time the microbes have been have

1166
00:40:52,230 --> 00:40:50,160
evolved to be specifically adapted to

1167
00:40:54,069 --> 00:40:52,240
withstand the heat

1168
00:40:57,589 --> 00:40:54,079
lastly cameron beeman will be explaining

1169
00:40:59,510 --> 00:40:57,599
the significance of our studies

1170
00:41:01,430 --> 00:40:59,520
lassen volcanic national park is an

1171
00:41:04,069 --> 00:41:01,440
example of how hydrothermal activity

1172
00:41:06,550 --> 00:41:04,079
occurs on earth and can sustain life in

1173
00:41:08,790 --> 00:41:06,560
microbial communities the discovery of

1174
00:41:10,710 --> 00:41:08,800
ancient hydrothermal deposits on mars

1175
00:41:13,270 --> 00:41:10,720
indicates that some martian environments

1176
00:41:15,030 --> 00:41:13,280
might have sustained life in the past

1177
00:41:17,430 --> 00:41:15,040
the research at lassen enhances our

1178
00:41:19,190 --> 00:41:17,440
ability to search for and characterize

1179
00:41:28,069 --> 00:41:19,200
any life that might have existed on

1180
00:41:31,190 --> 00:41:29,589
with that we will conclude our

1181
00:41:33,109 --> 00:41:31,200
presentation and move into a special

1182
00:41:35,589 --> 00:41:33,119
portion of the night to show our

1183
00:41:37,750 --> 00:41:35,599
appreciation for the program and all

1184
00:41:40,069 --> 00:41:37,760
involved my fellow interns and i have

1185
00:41:41,670 --> 00:41:40,079
prepared what we call impact statements

1186
00:41:43,430 --> 00:41:41,680
i will start us off

1187
00:41:45,190 --> 00:41:43,440
in case you missed it my name is cameron

1188
00:41:46,470 --> 00:41:45,200
beeman and this has been my second year

1189
00:41:48,870 --> 00:41:46,480
in the program

1190
00:41:50,470 --> 00:41:48,880
i have loved my time in the internship

1191
00:41:52,390 --> 00:41:50,480
because of my love for science and

1192
00:41:54,710 --> 00:41:52,400
learning of which there is no short

1193
00:41:57,109 --> 00:41:54,720
supply during my two years

1194
00:41:59,589 --> 00:41:57,119
also the opportunity to work with and

1195
00:42:01,270 --> 00:41:59,599
learn from nasa scientists is phenomenal

1196
00:42:02,390 --> 00:42:01,280
and completely unique to red bluff high

1197
00:42:04,470 --> 00:42:02,400
school

1198
00:42:07,109 --> 00:42:04,480
i am grateful for the effort of the

1199
00:42:09,030 --> 00:42:07,119
scientists lassen volcanic national park

1200
00:42:12,069 --> 00:42:09,040
and mr michael for making this program

1201
00:42:15,910 --> 00:42:13,990
hi my name is tom bell and i have been

1202
00:42:17,829 --> 00:42:15,920
an intern for this program over the last

1203
00:42:19,750 --> 00:42:17,839
two years and having taken this

1204
00:42:21,109 --> 00:42:19,760
opportunity and working alongside these

1205
00:42:22,790 --> 00:42:21,119
nasa scientists

1206
00:42:24,870 --> 00:42:22,800
conducting field work and learning

1207
00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:24,880
whatever i could from them that i would

1208
00:42:29,030 --> 00:42:27,040
have never experienced otherwise has had

1209
00:42:30,870 --> 00:42:29,040
a huge impact in preparing myself for my

1210
00:42:36,150 --> 00:42:30,880
studies after high school and becoming a

1211
00:42:39,670 --> 00:42:38,069
i feel a great amount of appreciation

1212
00:42:41,510 --> 00:42:39,680
for how mr michael and the nasa

1213
00:42:43,349 --> 00:42:41,520
scientists helped me to improve my

1214
00:42:45,109 --> 00:42:43,359
knowledge of real experimentation and

1215
00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:45,119
for how they've taught me to analyze and

1216
00:42:54,230 --> 00:42:52,470
my name is olivia pallancone and i've

1217
00:42:56,550 --> 00:42:54,240
been interning this program for the past

1218
00:42:59,349 --> 00:42:56,560
two years it has truly been a once in a

1219
00:43:00,950 --> 00:42:59,359
lifetime opportunity and i'm so thankful

1220
00:43:03,510 --> 00:43:00,960
for all that i've learned under the help

1221
00:43:04,950 --> 00:43:03,520
of mr michael the nasa scientist

1222
00:43:07,270 --> 00:43:04,960
this program has really helped me

1223
00:43:08,870 --> 00:43:07,280
solidify my passion for the stem field

1224
00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:08,880
and i'm truly thankful for that thank

1225
00:43:15,829 --> 00:43:14,230
i am diaz and thank you for watching our

1226
00:43:17,829 --> 00:43:15,839
presentation that we all have worked

1227
00:43:19,670 --> 00:43:17,839
hard for for the last

1228
00:43:22,150 --> 00:43:19,680
few years it wouldn't have been possible

1229
00:43:24,550 --> 00:43:22,160
without the grilling a very satisfactory

1230
00:43:27,430 --> 00:43:24,560
education provided by mr di murray

1231
00:43:28,710 --> 00:43:27,440
mrs caprentu and mr cuba

1232
00:43:30,870 --> 00:43:28,720
and thank you mr michael for the

1233
00:43:32,390 --> 00:43:30,880
supportive and very persevering attitude

1234
00:43:35,030 --> 00:43:32,400
he had with us

1235
00:43:37,270 --> 00:43:35,040
i hope to get in my mind my brain the

1236
00:43:39,990 --> 00:43:37,280
mindset of a logical but a pathetic

1237
00:43:42,309 --> 00:43:40,000
person the way you guys showed us thank

1238
00:43:45,990 --> 00:43:44,309
hi my name is ryan nguyen and this is my

1239
00:43:48,150 --> 00:43:46,000
first year in the nasa internship

1240
00:43:49,910 --> 00:43:48,160
program this program gave me valuable

1241
00:43:51,750 --> 00:43:49,920
insight to what college level studies

1242
00:43:53,670 --> 00:43:51,760
entail by allowing me access to field

1243
00:43:55,670 --> 00:43:53,680
sites that weren't open to the public

1244
00:43:56,950 --> 00:43:55,680
to actually like scoop for microbial

1245
00:43:58,630 --> 00:43:56,960
life which put me directly into the

1246
00:43:59,589 --> 00:43:58,640
shoes of an actual scientist which was

1247
00:44:01,190 --> 00:43:59,599
pretty cool

1248
00:44:02,550 --> 00:44:01,200
um they taught me many things that you

1249
00:44:03,750 --> 00:44:02,560
really can't learn in your average

1250
00:44:06,470 --> 00:44:03,760
science class

1251
00:44:08,390 --> 00:44:06,480
and studying next to real nasa

1252
00:44:12,390 --> 00:44:08,400
scientists was a honor and i'm truly

1253
00:44:15,349 --> 00:44:13,910
my name is natalie moore and i'm a

1254
00:44:16,309 --> 00:44:15,359
first-year intern

1255
00:44:19,190 --> 00:44:16,319
and

1256
00:44:21,510 --> 00:44:19,200
the nasa program has provided me with a

1257
00:44:23,430 --> 00:44:21,520
more hands-on experience

1258
00:44:25,670 --> 00:44:23,440
and learning in a way that i've never

1259
00:44:28,150 --> 00:44:25,680
experienced before i'm very happy to be

1260
00:44:30,230 --> 00:44:28,160
a part of it

1261
00:44:32,309 --> 00:44:30,240
my name is john sheffield i'm a first

1262
00:44:34,470 --> 00:44:32,319
year intern in this nasa internship

1263
00:44:36,309 --> 00:44:34,480
program this program has taught me so

1264
00:44:39,190 --> 00:44:36,319
much and allowed for a hands-on approach

1265
00:44:41,829 --> 00:44:39,200
to science for this i thank all the nasa

1266
00:44:44,390 --> 00:44:41,839
scientists and mr michael for allowing

1267
00:44:46,470 --> 00:44:44,400
such an amazing opportunity at red bluff

1268
00:44:47,990 --> 00:44:46,480
high school

1269
00:44:49,990 --> 00:44:48,000
my name is leah moreno and i've been in

1270
00:44:52,230 --> 00:44:50,000
the nasa internship program for the last

1271
00:44:53,910 --> 00:44:52,240
year this program has reminded me of the

1272
00:44:55,750 --> 00:44:53,920
interests i had in space as a kid and

1273
00:44:57,670 --> 00:44:55,760
given me the ability to understand the

1274
00:44:59,109 --> 00:44:57,680
requirements for microbial life i hadn't

1275
00:45:00,790 --> 00:44:59,119
known of before

1276
00:45:02,550 --> 00:45:00,800
it was an honor having the chance to be

1277
00:45:03,910 --> 00:45:02,560
part of this and i really appreciate all

1278
00:45:07,510 --> 00:45:03,920
the time put into our learning by the

1279
00:45:10,150 --> 00:45:07,520
nasa scientists and mr michael

1280
00:45:12,550 --> 00:45:10,160
hi my name is sierra lim and i'm a first

1281
00:45:14,470 --> 00:45:12,560
year nasa intern throughout this program

1282
00:45:16,230 --> 00:45:14,480
i've learned so much about astrobiology

1283
00:45:17,829 --> 00:45:16,240
and the importance of life

1284
00:45:19,510 --> 00:45:17,839
i was privileged enough to work with the

1285
00:45:20,550 --> 00:45:19,520
most amazing scientists throughout this

1286
00:45:22,710 --> 00:45:20,560
whole year

1287
00:45:25,349 --> 00:45:22,720
through the in-person

1288
00:45:27,109 --> 00:45:25,359
experiments and the live zooms i was

1289
00:45:30,790 --> 00:45:27,119
able to get an experience i would have

1290
00:45:34,950 --> 00:45:32,630
hi my name is courtney white and i'm a

1291
00:45:37,190 --> 00:45:34,960
first-year nasa intern this program is

1292
00:45:39,510 --> 00:45:37,200
an amazing opportunity and has turned my

1293
00:45:40,870 --> 00:45:39,520
love for science and space into an

1294
00:45:42,550 --> 00:45:40,880
obsession

1295
00:45:44,870 --> 00:45:42,560
since i was a kid i have been very

1296
00:45:47,109 --> 00:45:44,880
inquisitive about life the universe and

1297
00:45:49,349 --> 00:45:47,119
how everything came to be i want to know

1298
00:45:51,109 --> 00:45:49,359
everything about everything

1299
00:45:53,430 --> 00:45:51,119
this program has allowed me to

1300
00:45:56,069 --> 00:45:53,440
understand the biological chemical

1301
00:45:57,750 --> 00:45:56,079
geological and hydrothermal interactions

1302
00:45:58,790 --> 00:45:57,760
that facilitate the conditions needed

1303
00:46:00,630 --> 00:45:58,800
for life

1304
00:46:04,630 --> 00:46:00,640
i plan to study biochem in college to

1305
00:46:08,390 --> 00:46:06,150
my name is mia gleason and i'm a first

1306
00:46:09,990 --> 00:46:08,400
year intern through this internship i

1307
00:46:11,670 --> 00:46:10,000
got the unique opportunity of learning

1308
00:46:12,870 --> 00:46:11,680
more in depth about lassen volcanic

1309
00:46:14,790 --> 00:46:12,880
national park

1310
00:46:16,950 --> 00:46:14,800
i was also able to connect with what we

1311
00:46:19,750 --> 00:46:16,960
were learning in class with what we saw

1312
00:46:21,670 --> 00:46:19,760
happening in lesson

1313
00:46:23,589 --> 00:46:21,680
hi my name is maya rodriguez i'm a first

1314
00:46:24,950 --> 00:46:23,599
year nasa intern this program has

1315
00:46:26,230 --> 00:46:24,960
exposed me to new things that i've never

1316
00:46:28,550 --> 00:46:26,240
been exposed to in any of my other

1317
00:46:30,550 --> 00:46:28,560
classes working with the nasa scientists

1318
00:46:31,910 --> 00:46:30,560
has been a very enjoyable experience as

1319
00:46:33,670 --> 00:46:31,920
well as going to lassen volcanic

1320
00:46:35,670 --> 00:46:33,680
national park and seeing new sites that

1321
00:46:37,349 --> 00:46:35,680
i've never seen before altogether this

1322
00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:37,359
is a one in a lifetime opportunity and

1323
00:46:41,670 --> 00:46:39,040
i'm so glad i got to experience this

1324
00:46:45,910 --> 00:46:43,750
my name is mauricio tamayo and this is

1325
00:46:46,950 --> 00:46:45,920
my first year of being a nasa internship

1326
00:46:51,990 --> 00:46:46,960
program

1327
00:46:53,510 --> 00:46:52,000
of learning more about astrobiology

1328
00:46:55,349 --> 00:46:53,520
when i was younger i remember being

1329
00:46:57,589 --> 00:46:55,359
obsessed with space and learning more

1330
00:46:58,550 --> 00:46:57,599
about basic biology in my elementary

1331
00:46:59,990 --> 00:46:58,560
school

1332
00:47:01,829 --> 00:47:00,000
i always enjoy learning about science

1333
00:47:03,990 --> 00:47:01,839
rare topics because i always learn

1334
00:47:05,589 --> 00:47:04,000
something new along the way

1335
00:47:07,270 --> 00:47:05,599
and during this program i learned that

1336
00:47:09,190 --> 00:47:07,280
every little thing matters in our

1337
00:47:10,710 --> 00:47:09,200
environment no matter it's a big or

1338
00:47:12,390 --> 00:47:10,720
small change

1339
00:47:14,790 --> 00:47:12,400
i hope later on in the future i get to

1340
00:47:17,430 --> 00:47:14,800
learn more about our environment and our

1341
00:47:20,790 --> 00:47:19,030
hi my name is justin vaughn and i'm a

1342
00:47:22,390 --> 00:47:20,800
first year nasa intern this program has

1343
00:47:24,069 --> 00:47:22,400
taught me more than i could imagine i

1344
00:47:25,589 --> 00:47:24,079
had a fantastic experience collecting

1345
00:47:27,829 --> 00:47:25,599
and growing macros from awesome volcanic

1346
00:47:29,349 --> 00:47:27,839
national park i also really enjoyed

1347
00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:29,359
working with the nasa scientists and

1348
00:47:32,309 --> 00:47:31,040
learning new things from them and i

1349
00:47:34,390 --> 00:47:32,319
would like to thank mr michael for

1350
00:47:36,309 --> 00:47:34,400
allowing me to be a part of this program

1351
00:47:37,829 --> 00:47:36,319
hi my name is aubry norton and this is

1352
00:47:39,910 --> 00:47:37,839
my first year in the nasa internship

1353
00:47:41,829 --> 00:47:39,920
program this program has benefited me in

1354
00:47:43,270 --> 00:47:41,839
multiple ways the foremost being with

1355
00:47:45,270 --> 00:47:43,280
the hands-on experience that i was able

1356
00:47:46,950 --> 00:47:45,280
to provide instead of just being told

1357
00:47:48,150 --> 00:47:46,960
what was done i actually got to do it

1358
00:47:50,309 --> 00:47:48,160
and this helped me build a great

1359
00:47:53,109 --> 00:47:50,319
foundation for continuing science and

1360
00:47:54,790 --> 00:47:53,119
future careers beyond that discovering

1361
00:47:57,910 --> 00:47:54,800
what will help and hurt life has been

1362
00:48:03,589 --> 00:48:01,750
well um great job interns um

1363
00:48:05,430 --> 00:48:03,599
really really impressed with with what

1364
00:48:08,390 --> 00:48:05,440
you guys just uh

1365
00:48:10,950 --> 00:48:08,400
with what you just put out there i know

1366
00:48:13,109 --> 00:48:10,960
all the hard work that you put into it i

1367
00:48:14,790 --> 00:48:13,119
was able to see that firsthand

1368
00:48:17,910 --> 00:48:14,800
on a daily basis

1369
00:48:19,990 --> 00:48:17,920
and i'm sure as you were

1370
00:48:22,630 --> 00:48:20,000
as the audience was hearing this there's

1371
00:48:24,870 --> 00:48:22,640
quite possibly some questions out there

1372
00:48:26,230 --> 00:48:24,880
and so i'd like to give um

1373
00:48:28,150 --> 00:48:26,240
the audience a chance to ask those

1374
00:48:30,150 --> 00:48:28,160
questions right now so i guess if there

1375
00:48:33,270 --> 00:48:30,160
are any questions for

1376
00:48:35,349 --> 00:48:33,280
for really anybody involved here um dr

1377
00:48:37,910 --> 00:48:35,359
day moray um

1378
00:48:41,510 --> 00:48:37,920
or anybody else um i'll we'll just open

1379
00:48:44,950 --> 00:48:41,520
it up to the chat and we'll see what

1380
00:48:48,150 --> 00:48:46,390
yeah we have a first question here i

1381
00:48:50,150 --> 00:48:48,160
guess this is open to any students who

1382
00:48:52,069 --> 00:48:50,160
want to answer um

1383
00:48:54,069 --> 00:48:52,079
uh this is from chris he says awesome

1384
00:48:57,910 --> 00:48:54,079
presentations uh wondering if anyone

1385
00:48:59,349 --> 00:48:57,920
prefers lab work over field work

1386
00:49:03,829 --> 00:48:59,359
mr michael i think he might have to

1387
00:49:07,349 --> 00:49:05,510
well well well

1388
00:49:09,270 --> 00:49:07,359
this is uh

1389
00:49:10,390 --> 00:49:09,280
isn't this an interesting predicament

1390
00:49:12,230 --> 00:49:10,400
i'm in

1391
00:49:15,109 --> 00:49:12,240
um so

1392
00:49:17,270 --> 00:49:15,119
uh i'll let you all decide how about

1393
00:49:19,349 --> 00:49:17,280
second year interns first so so what

1394
00:49:20,549 --> 00:49:19,359
second year intern would like to to

1395
00:49:22,309 --> 00:49:20,559
speak for

1396
00:49:24,710 --> 00:49:22,319
for the other four here so we have five

1397
00:49:29,270 --> 00:49:24,720
second year interns anybody interested

1398
00:49:29,280 --> 00:49:35,589
i can

1399
00:49:41,750 --> 00:49:37,990
um so when it comes down to the two

1400
00:49:46,309 --> 00:49:44,470
types of basically experimentation

1401
00:49:49,430 --> 00:49:46,319
um

1402
00:49:51,109 --> 00:49:49,440
field work versus lab work are both very

1403
00:49:54,549 --> 00:49:51,119
interesting in their own ways it's very

1404
00:49:56,150 --> 00:49:54,559
cool to get the experience but honestly

1405
00:49:59,510 --> 00:49:56,160
being able to do field work and then

1406
00:50:01,829 --> 00:49:59,520
apply it to the lab was awesome so

1407
00:50:03,670 --> 00:50:01,839
i prefer field work because it's more

1408
00:50:10,470 --> 00:50:03,680
hands-on and i'm a more hands-on type of

1409
00:50:14,309 --> 00:50:12,950
thank you cameron um

1410
00:50:16,870 --> 00:50:14,319
any of the other second year interns

1411
00:50:23,670 --> 00:50:16,880
want to chip in or or should i open it

1412
00:50:32,549 --> 00:50:26,470
um if i can talk about it be

1413
00:50:36,710 --> 00:50:34,069
um so

1414
00:50:38,309 --> 00:50:36,720
for me um i liked um

1415
00:50:40,069 --> 00:50:38,319
i actually liked the lab work better

1416
00:50:41,430 --> 00:50:40,079
because i got to work with measurements

1417
00:50:43,829 --> 00:50:41,440
that um

1418
00:50:45,750 --> 00:50:43,839
like um leah talked about those

1419
00:50:47,910 --> 00:50:45,760
measurements i didn't even know before

1420
00:50:49,990 --> 00:50:47,920
the master class and i really

1421
00:50:52,710 --> 00:50:50,000
appreciated the

1422
00:50:54,790 --> 00:50:52,720
amount of like work

1423
00:50:55,670 --> 00:50:54,800
actual nasa scientists had to go through

1424
00:50:57,349 --> 00:50:55,680
like the

1425
00:50:59,349 --> 00:50:57,359
grueling experimentation and the lab

1426
00:51:00,790 --> 00:50:59,359
methods um it just

1427
00:51:02,710 --> 00:51:00,800
it makes you

1428
00:51:04,790 --> 00:51:02,720
think about what type of

1429
00:51:06,150 --> 00:51:04,800
achievements we've made through process

1430
00:51:08,309 --> 00:51:06,160
instead of like

1431
00:51:10,390 --> 00:51:08,319
one-time achievements that we just came

1432
00:51:12,470 --> 00:51:10,400
up with magically it's just it's a

1433
00:51:20,150 --> 00:51:12,480
really little grueling process but it's

1434
00:51:24,630 --> 00:51:22,150
thank you aseal thank you cameron for

1435
00:51:26,230 --> 00:51:24,640
your response also um any first-year

1436
00:51:28,790 --> 00:51:26,240
interns want to

1437
00:51:52,870 --> 00:51:28,800
answer this so what do you prefer field

1438
00:51:56,630 --> 00:51:55,510
um for me it was most definitely

1439
00:51:57,990 --> 00:51:56,640
fieldwork

1440
00:52:00,390 --> 00:51:58,000
because um

1441
00:52:02,630 --> 00:52:00,400
it was more fun to like work in the uh

1442
00:52:04,710 --> 00:52:02,640
like go and like explore and like learn

1443
00:52:06,549 --> 00:52:04,720
like what actual scientists do

1444
00:52:08,069 --> 00:52:06,559
rather than like just sit in a lab take

1445
00:52:09,349 --> 00:52:08,079
measurements for me because when you're

1446
00:52:11,109 --> 00:52:09,359
out you could actually like understand

1447
00:52:13,030 --> 00:52:11,119
what you're doing and also you can like

1448
00:52:15,270 --> 00:52:13,040
make more memories that way too

1449
00:52:16,790 --> 00:52:15,280
like when they went to lassen

1450
00:52:18,710 --> 00:52:16,800
it was like super cold

1451
00:52:20,069 --> 00:52:18,720
and yeah was miserable like miserable

1452
00:52:21,510 --> 00:52:20,079
but it was like

1453
00:52:23,190 --> 00:52:21,520
i'm always gonna like memorize like that

1454
00:52:24,950 --> 00:52:23,200
moment because it was just like fun and

1455
00:52:27,349 --> 00:52:24,960
like it's a learning experience that i

1456
00:52:30,549 --> 00:52:27,359
you really can't learn like in a lab

1457
00:52:36,230 --> 00:52:30,559
so for me it was most definitely um

1458
00:52:41,589 --> 00:52:39,750
thank you ryan anybody else

1459
00:52:53,349 --> 00:52:41,599
before we move on i see there's a couple

1460
00:53:00,069 --> 00:52:55,910
okay let's move on to the next question

1461
00:53:05,109 --> 00:53:02,950
so it looks like asking about wildfires

1462
00:53:07,910 --> 00:53:05,119
um did the wildfires have any noticeable

1463
00:53:09,190 --> 00:53:07,920
change in conductivity or ph from years

1464
00:53:11,589 --> 00:53:09,200
past

1465
00:53:14,150 --> 00:53:11,599
um there was different definitely some

1466
00:53:17,190 --> 00:53:14,160
significant burning especially around

1467
00:53:19,910 --> 00:53:17,200
the um in the warner valley area so

1468
00:53:21,829 --> 00:53:19,920
around the alkaline site and around the

1469
00:53:22,630 --> 00:53:21,839
uh powderwell creek sites

1470
00:53:24,390 --> 00:53:22,640
um

1471
00:53:26,950 --> 00:53:24,400
i'm gonna let

1472
00:53:30,230 --> 00:53:26,960
nikki and mike and dave address this due

1473
00:53:31,670 --> 00:53:30,240
to tree dangers the risk of tree falls

1474
00:53:33,670 --> 00:53:31,680
and stuff like that we were not allowed

1475
00:53:34,870 --> 00:53:33,680
to go into the warner valley region this

1476
00:53:37,349 --> 00:53:34,880
year but

1477
00:53:39,190 --> 00:53:37,359
nikki and mike and dave were able to

1478
00:53:41,589 --> 00:53:39,200
actually go in there

1479
00:53:43,030 --> 00:53:41,599
being escorted by ranger sweeney and so

1480
00:53:45,030 --> 00:53:43,040
the three of them have a little bit

1481
00:53:46,950 --> 00:53:45,040
better feel for this and might have a

1482
00:53:50,710 --> 00:53:46,960
little bit better perspective than than

1483
00:53:53,910 --> 00:53:52,470
i'll just make a couple quick comments

1484
00:53:54,790 --> 00:53:53,920
this is dave

1485
00:54:01,910 --> 00:53:54,800
uh

1486
00:54:03,670 --> 00:54:01,920
develops over several years and so

1487
00:54:05,750 --> 00:54:03,680
the fire just being a month or two

1488
00:54:07,910 --> 00:54:05,760
before uh really didn't have too much of

1489
00:54:10,150 --> 00:54:07,920
an effect another effect of a fire of

1490
00:54:12,549 --> 00:54:10,160
course is to increase runoff

1491
00:54:14,790 --> 00:54:12,559
you know and uh but again you know this

1492
00:54:16,950 --> 00:54:14,800
was all during the dry season so

1493
00:54:18,870 --> 00:54:16,960
rudolph didn't have a chance to have an

1494
00:54:22,390 --> 00:54:18,880
effect that said it's going to be

1495
00:54:25,190 --> 00:54:22,400
interesting to see next year uh what uh

1496
00:54:27,510 --> 00:54:25,200
what the chemistry is like because then

1497
00:54:29,190 --> 00:54:27,520
you know we'll have had a wet season and

1498
00:54:31,670 --> 00:54:29,200
snow and all of that and see if that

1499
00:54:35,829 --> 00:54:31,680
makes a difference

1500
00:54:39,750 --> 00:54:38,630
you know just to add to what dave said

1501
00:54:41,990 --> 00:54:39,760
um

1502
00:54:43,750 --> 00:54:42,000
you know by monitoring the temperature

1503
00:54:45,829 --> 00:54:43,760
and ph and water chemistry of these

1504
00:54:47,670 --> 00:54:45,839
sites it's actually a great way to track

1505
00:54:50,150 --> 00:54:47,680
the impact of the drought

1506
00:54:52,630 --> 00:54:50,160
because that actually really affects the

1507
00:54:54,710 --> 00:54:52,640
concentration of these elements in

1508
00:54:57,990 --> 00:54:54,720
solution so there's you know

1509
00:54:59,349 --> 00:54:58,000
wide-ranging um applications of the work

1510
00:55:03,190 --> 00:54:59,359
and and the measurements that the

1511
00:55:06,950 --> 00:55:04,710
kevin i see

1512
00:55:08,789 --> 00:55:06,960
this this is a long-term study really i

1513
00:55:11,349 --> 00:55:08,799
mean mr michael said that we've been

1514
00:55:12,950 --> 00:55:11,359
doing this for over 10 years and so the

1515
00:55:15,670 --> 00:55:12,960
students i mean we're really building up

1516
00:55:16,549 --> 00:55:15,680
a nice database on the effective climate

1517
00:55:20,230 --> 00:55:16,559
and

1518
00:55:22,789 --> 00:55:20,240
you know annual changes

1519
00:55:24,870 --> 00:55:22,799
yeah just i just wanted to add into that

1520
00:55:28,150 --> 00:55:24,880
that you know fire is a natural

1521
00:55:29,349 --> 00:55:28,160
occurring um system in in this landscape

1522
00:55:31,789 --> 00:55:29,359
and so

1523
00:55:34,710 --> 00:55:31,799
when we have um

1524
00:55:36,549 --> 00:55:34,720
unnaturally suppressed this naturally

1525
00:55:39,270 --> 00:55:36,559
occurring process for

1526
00:55:40,230 --> 00:55:39,280
over 40 if not 50 years we've actually

1527
00:55:42,309 --> 00:55:40,240
done

1528
00:55:43,750 --> 00:55:42,319
a bit to chemically change that

1529
00:55:46,630 --> 00:55:43,760
environment

1530
00:55:48,870 --> 00:55:46,640
through putting these fires out not to

1531
00:55:51,030 --> 00:55:48,880
say that you know a massive million acre

1532
00:55:51,829 --> 00:55:51,040
fire is something we want to encourage

1533
00:55:56,870 --> 00:55:51,839
um

1534
00:55:59,190 --> 00:55:56,880
that you know

1535
00:56:00,870 --> 00:55:59,200
what we're seeing and what we had been

1536
00:56:02,390 --> 00:56:00,880
observing in a lot of these places was

1537
00:56:04,390 --> 00:56:02,400
an environment that

1538
00:56:06,789 --> 00:56:04,400
um excluded something that was is very

1539
00:56:09,030 --> 00:56:06,799
natural and very um the the

1540
00:56:11,510 --> 00:56:09,040
environment's used to having so you know

1541
00:56:13,990 --> 00:56:11,520
the dixie fire is certainly tragic um in

1542
00:56:15,589 --> 00:56:14,000
the fact that it burned up

1543
00:56:18,069 --> 00:56:15,599
you know chunks of communities and in

1544
00:56:20,230 --> 00:56:18,079
greenville that that story is awful um

1545
00:56:23,190 --> 00:56:20,240
and in california we're living with

1546
00:56:25,990 --> 00:56:23,200
these you know horrendous mega fires

1547
00:56:28,470 --> 00:56:26,000
that being said um as somebody who

1548
00:56:31,030 --> 00:56:28,480
defends natural processes i think it's

1549
00:56:32,470 --> 00:56:31,040
important that we do look at you know

1550
00:56:34,309 --> 00:56:32,480
what is supposed to be occurring in

1551
00:56:35,109 --> 00:56:34,319
these landscapes and fire is part of it

1552
00:56:37,670 --> 00:56:35,119
and

1553
00:56:40,230 --> 00:56:37,680
um you know as we hopefully become more

1554
00:56:42,630 --> 00:56:40,240
in tune with some of these processes um

1555
00:56:46,549 --> 00:56:42,640
you know we'll learn to to live on that

1556
00:56:47,990 --> 00:56:46,559
landscape so while the fire will impact

1557
00:56:49,270 --> 00:56:48,000
um short-term

1558
00:56:50,309 --> 00:56:49,280
measurements i think it's important to

1559
00:56:52,549 --> 00:56:50,319
know that

1560
00:56:54,710 --> 00:56:52,559
for thousands if not millions of years

1561
00:57:10,870 --> 00:56:54,720
this this landscape has experienced many

1562
00:57:15,829 --> 00:57:13,270
thank you um i'm not seeing any other

1563
00:57:17,910 --> 00:57:15,839
questions come up right now

1564
00:57:20,870 --> 00:57:17,920
and so i don't know if uh there's any

1565
00:57:23,670 --> 00:57:20,880
final questions i'll give you a a couple

1566
00:57:25,829 --> 00:57:23,680
you know maybe 30 seconds a minute or so

1567
00:57:27,109 --> 00:57:25,839
and then we'll move on to to finish up

1568
00:57:29,750 --> 00:57:27,119
the program here

1569
00:57:32,150 --> 00:57:29,760
um i guess one thing that that i i

1570
00:57:34,390 --> 00:57:32,160
failed to mention that did come up

1571
00:57:36,309 --> 00:57:34,400
in the student presentation and

1572
00:57:38,789 --> 00:57:36,319
definitely in their impact statements

1573
00:57:40,549 --> 00:57:38,799
was simply how

1574
00:57:43,030 --> 00:57:40,559
how big of an opportunity a program is

1575
00:57:44,230 --> 00:57:43,040
like this to be able to do field work to

1576
00:57:46,150 --> 00:57:44,240
be able to do

1577
00:57:48,870 --> 00:57:46,160
hands-on work

1578
00:57:50,870 --> 00:57:48,880
and not just reading stuff or being told

1579
00:57:53,270 --> 00:57:50,880
stuff in a lecture format or out of a

1580
00:57:55,349 --> 00:57:53,280
textbook and so um there's really a

1581
00:57:56,870 --> 00:57:55,359
uniqueness to this program that i think

1582
00:57:58,390 --> 00:57:56,880
you heard from the students when they

1583
00:58:00,390 --> 00:57:58,400
talked about their impact statements and

1584
00:58:01,510 --> 00:58:00,400
stated that that um

1585
00:58:02,950 --> 00:58:01,520
as as

1586
00:58:05,829 --> 00:58:02,960
the leaders of this program i think

1587
00:58:07,589 --> 00:58:05,839
we're all very very proud of and so um

1588
00:58:09,270 --> 00:58:07,599
yeah just thank you for that

1589
00:58:11,510 --> 00:58:09,280
can i make a quick comment

1590
00:58:13,349 --> 00:58:11,520
you know by all means a number of things

1591
00:58:15,270 --> 00:58:13,359
happened that were unexpected and guess

1592
00:58:17,990 --> 00:58:15,280
what science has to cope with the

1593
00:58:19,829 --> 00:58:18,000
unexpected in fact missions sometimes we

1594
00:58:21,190 --> 00:58:19,839
experience things that we really didn't

1595
00:58:23,430 --> 00:58:21,200
anticipate and

1596
00:58:25,430 --> 00:58:23,440
engineers and particularly engineers

1597
00:58:26,150 --> 00:58:25,440
really have proven to be quite resilient

1598
00:58:27,990 --> 00:58:26,160
and

1599
00:58:30,230 --> 00:58:28,000
just having the challenges that we did

1600
00:58:32,470 --> 00:58:30,240
this year it quite frankly

1601
00:58:33,750 --> 00:58:32,480
gives us almost a clearer view of what

1602
00:58:35,750 --> 00:58:33,760
research is

1603
00:58:38,470 --> 00:58:35,760
you have to cope with unexpected stuff

1604
00:58:40,470 --> 00:58:38,480
and and and make adjustments so in that

1605
00:58:42,710 --> 00:58:40,480
sense it was a better simulation of the

1606
00:58:47,910 --> 00:58:42,720
real world than the perfect year that

1607
00:58:52,150 --> 00:58:49,430
there there is one of those i'm still

1608
00:58:53,990 --> 00:58:52,160
waiting for that perfect year so once it

1609
00:58:55,750 --> 00:58:54,000
once it comes along i'll know what i can

1610
00:58:56,630 --> 00:58:55,760
compare this to i guess

1611
00:59:00,150 --> 00:58:56,640
um

1612
00:59:01,670 --> 00:59:00,160
anyway i think uh we're gonna move on to

1613
00:59:03,510 --> 00:59:01,680
kind of the final part of the the

1614
00:59:06,230 --> 00:59:03,520
program this is a chance where we have

1615
00:59:07,990 --> 00:59:06,240
to to honor these interns for their hard

1616
00:59:11,190 --> 00:59:08,000
work um

1617
00:59:12,710 --> 00:59:11,200
this this is a a volunteer class it's an

1618
00:59:15,430 --> 00:59:12,720
elective class it's not something these

1619
00:59:16,789 --> 00:59:15,440
students have to do and and they um

1620
00:59:18,870 --> 00:59:16,799
you can see all the time and the effort

1621
00:59:20,710 --> 00:59:18,880
that they put into it and so we do want

1622
00:59:22,630 --> 00:59:20,720
to acknowledge that that hard work right

1623
00:59:24,390 --> 00:59:22,640
now and so i'm going to hand things over

1624
00:59:26,870 --> 00:59:24,400
to mike kubo and he's going to be

1625
00:59:28,950 --> 00:59:26,880
introducing and recognizing all of the

1626
00:59:31,190 --> 00:59:28,960
student interns this year

1627
00:59:33,750 --> 00:59:31,200
thanks mr michael um hi everybody my

1628
00:59:36,230 --> 00:59:33,760
name is mike kubo and i'm a colleague of

1629
00:59:38,069 --> 00:59:36,240
uh dr diemery and dr prontos at nasa

1630
00:59:39,670 --> 00:59:38,079
ames and uh this is the part of the

1631
00:59:42,789 --> 00:59:39,680
presentation where we the part of the

1632
00:59:45,670 --> 00:59:42,799
night where we like to recognize and

1633
00:59:47,910 --> 00:59:45,680
honor all of uh

1634
00:59:50,230 --> 00:59:47,920
um and partners in this program and uh

1635
00:59:52,390 --> 00:59:50,240
we'll start by um

1636
00:59:55,109 --> 00:59:52,400
by recognizing the students

1637
00:59:57,109 --> 00:59:55,119
and at the end of every year we uh print

1638
00:59:58,950 --> 00:59:57,119
these uh basically it's like the

1639
01:00:01,510 --> 00:59:58,960
graduation certificate for all the

1640
01:00:04,470 --> 01:00:01,520
students and um

1641
01:00:06,150 --> 01:00:04,480
mike t if you wouldn't mind pulling up

1642
01:00:08,789 --> 01:00:06,160
an example of one of those i'll just

1643
01:00:10,309 --> 01:00:08,799
what i'm going to do is i'm going to

1644
01:00:12,309 --> 01:00:10,319
show you this shirt you know show the

1645
01:00:14,710 --> 01:00:12,319
audience the certificate

1646
01:00:16,470 --> 01:00:14,720
read the read the text to you and then i

1647
01:00:18,710 --> 01:00:16,480
will read all the names of the student

1648
01:00:21,190 --> 01:00:18,720
of the interns that participated so as

1649
01:00:23,589 --> 01:00:21,200
you can see um the certificate says

1650
01:00:25,430 --> 01:00:23,599
lassen volcanic national park red bluff

1651
01:00:27,750 --> 01:00:25,440
high school and the nasa ames research

1652
01:00:29,829 --> 01:00:27,760
center astrobiology team take pride in

1653
01:00:32,309 --> 01:00:29,839
presenting this astrobiology student

1654
01:00:33,589 --> 01:00:32,319
intern program award to

1655
01:00:35,030 --> 01:00:33,599
our first student is going to be mia

1656
01:00:38,230 --> 01:00:35,040
gleason

1657
01:00:40,630 --> 01:00:38,240
on may 23rd 2022 for your outstanding

1658
01:00:42,470 --> 01:00:40,640
performance commitment and dedication in

1659
01:00:45,270 --> 01:00:42,480
support of the partnership between

1660
01:00:46,789 --> 01:00:45,280
lassen volcanic national park nasa ames

1661
01:00:49,270 --> 01:00:46,799
research center and red bluff high

1662
01:00:51,670 --> 01:00:49,280
school in the collection of scientific

1663
01:00:52,789 --> 01:00:51,680
data through laboratory and field work

1664
01:00:54,470 --> 01:00:52,799
this work has increased our

1665
01:00:56,390 --> 01:00:54,480
understanding of lassen in ways that

1666
01:00:58,069 --> 01:00:56,400
will enhance astrobiology

1667
01:01:00,630 --> 01:00:58,079
as well as the mission of the national

1668
01:01:03,109 --> 01:01:00,640
aeronautics and space administration and

1669
01:01:04,710 --> 01:01:03,119
the national park service

1670
01:01:06,470 --> 01:01:04,720
so i'll go ahead and read all the names

1671
01:01:08,549 --> 01:01:06,480
of the first year students just to

1672
01:01:10,470 --> 01:01:08,559
recognize their contribution

1673
01:01:11,829 --> 01:01:10,480
so first your interns we have

1674
01:01:13,349 --> 01:01:11,839
nia gleason

1675
01:01:14,710 --> 01:01:13,359
samuel groom

1676
01:01:16,150 --> 01:01:14,720
sierra lim

1677
01:01:17,589 --> 01:01:16,160
natalie moore

1678
01:01:18,870 --> 01:01:17,599
leah moreno

1679
01:01:21,750 --> 01:01:18,880
ryan nguyen

1680
01:01:25,190 --> 01:01:21,760
aubry norton maya rodriguez

1681
01:01:27,510 --> 01:01:25,200
john sheffield mauricio tamayo perez

1682
01:01:29,829 --> 01:01:27,520
ruston vaught and courtney white and i

1683
01:01:31,750 --> 01:01:29,839
want to congratulate congratulate you

1684
01:01:33,589 --> 01:01:31,760
all on a job very well done it's been a

1685
01:01:36,069 --> 01:01:33,599
pleasure working with all of you and we

1686
01:01:38,390 --> 01:01:36,079
hope to see a few of you back next year

1687
01:01:39,750 --> 01:01:38,400
um for the second year interns um so you

1688
01:01:43,190 --> 01:01:39,760
know in case this wasn't really

1689
01:01:45,109 --> 01:01:43,200
highlighted um we do have a handful of

1690
01:01:46,950 --> 01:01:45,119
students that return every year

1691
01:01:48,789 --> 01:01:46,960
and they essentially become team leaders

1692
01:01:49,829 --> 01:01:48,799
and kind of mentors for the first year

1693
01:01:50,950 --> 01:01:49,839
interns

1694
01:01:52,630 --> 01:01:50,960
and um

1695
01:01:54,470 --> 01:01:52,640
every year when we have when we do this

1696
01:01:55,349 --> 01:01:54,480
presentation or when we do this class in

1697
01:01:56,789 --> 01:01:55,359
general

1698
01:01:59,430 --> 01:01:56,799
um

1699
01:02:01,829 --> 01:01:59,440
the success of the program and the

1700
01:02:04,309 --> 01:02:01,839
understanding of the content

1701
01:02:07,349 --> 01:02:04,319
by the first year interns is

1702
01:02:09,270 --> 01:02:07,359
generally uh you know a sign of how

1703
01:02:11,750 --> 01:02:09,280
great a job the second year interns have

1704
01:02:14,390 --> 01:02:11,760
done in their mentorship and i just want

1705
01:02:17,670 --> 01:02:14,400
to um really acknowledge how fantastic

1706
01:02:19,750 --> 01:02:17,680
of a presentation you all gave tonight

1707
01:02:21,109 --> 01:02:19,760
and i i'll really tip my hat to second

1708
01:02:23,270 --> 01:02:21,119
your interns for your leadership on

1709
01:02:25,430 --> 01:02:23,280
that's a nice job everybody

1710
01:02:27,029 --> 01:02:25,440
um so the first year the first

1711
01:02:29,029 --> 01:02:27,039
the first second year intern that i'd

1712
01:02:32,390 --> 01:02:29,039
like to acknowledge is cameron beeman

1713
01:02:34,150 --> 01:02:32,400
cameron fantastic job thank you so much

1714
01:02:36,630 --> 01:02:34,160
for participating in the program and and

1715
01:02:39,510 --> 01:02:36,640
for your leadership um this year

1716
01:02:41,910 --> 01:02:39,520
uh second intern is uh second the second

1717
01:02:44,230 --> 01:02:41,920
second year in turn is todd bell todd

1718
01:02:45,589 --> 01:02:44,240
fantastic really nice job as well thank

1719
01:02:47,589 --> 01:02:45,599
you so much and it was great working

1720
01:02:49,029 --> 01:02:47,599
with you these last two years

1721
01:02:51,750 --> 01:02:49,039
um the third person i'd like to

1722
01:02:54,470 --> 01:02:51,760
acknowledge is hyrum bliss hiram great

1723
01:02:56,549 --> 01:02:54,480
job again fantastic and you all have a

1724
01:02:59,990 --> 01:02:56,559
lot to be proud of thank you

1725
01:03:01,910 --> 01:03:00,000
um next is acell diaz assail it's been

1726
01:03:04,390 --> 01:03:01,920
another great year and really fantastic

1727
01:03:05,910 --> 01:03:04,400
working with you um thank you so much

1728
01:03:07,190 --> 01:03:05,920
for participating and for coming back

1729
01:03:09,990 --> 01:03:07,200
the second year

1730
01:03:12,390 --> 01:03:10,000
and uh lastly we have olivia pelintoni

1731
01:03:14,150 --> 01:03:12,400
um again olivia great job thank you so

1732
01:03:16,789 --> 01:03:14,160
much and it was really wonderful working

1733
01:03:19,190 --> 01:03:16,799
with me these past two years

1734
01:03:21,829 --> 01:03:19,200
um so next i'd like to also acknowledge

1735
01:03:24,150 --> 01:03:21,839
our partners at red bluff and and last

1736
01:03:26,069 --> 01:03:24,160
volcanic we always offer you know issue

1737
01:03:27,190 --> 01:03:26,079
a certificate for them as well because

1738
01:03:29,109 --> 01:03:27,200
um they are

1739
01:03:32,150 --> 01:03:29,119
you know equal equal parts in this in

1740
01:03:34,789 --> 01:03:32,160
this uh in this uh process and in this

1741
01:03:37,029 --> 01:03:34,799
program so first i'd like to acknowledge

1742
01:03:39,109 --> 01:03:37,039
uh ranger kevin sweeney kevin thank you

1743
01:03:40,710 --> 01:03:39,119
so much for everything you've done to

1744
01:03:43,029 --> 01:03:40,720
help support this program we know you're

1745
01:03:45,430 --> 01:03:43,039
a big part of its success and your

1746
01:03:47,029 --> 01:03:45,440
advocacy at the park thank you so much

1747
01:03:48,789 --> 01:03:47,039
we can do it without you and we love

1748
01:03:50,950 --> 01:03:48,799
having uh being a part of the program

1749
01:03:53,670 --> 01:03:50,960
with you thank you so much

1750
01:03:56,710 --> 01:03:53,680
and um last is of course

1751
01:03:58,630 --> 01:03:56,720
um dave michael uh again same thing we

1752
01:04:02,230 --> 01:03:58,640
couldn't do this without you you have uh

1753
01:04:05,190 --> 01:04:02,240
put up with us for now over a decade and

1754
01:04:06,390 --> 01:04:05,200
we are always always grateful for um for

1755
01:04:08,789 --> 01:04:06,400
your leadership

1756
01:04:12,230 --> 01:04:08,799
um both in the class and and outside of

1757
01:04:14,069 --> 01:04:12,240
class and um we just really uh really

1758
01:04:16,630 --> 01:04:14,079
want to thank you for your participation

1759
01:04:20,150 --> 01:04:16,640
again this year truly um

1760
01:04:22,390 --> 01:04:20,160
we truly couldn't do it without you

1761
01:04:25,270 --> 01:04:22,400
um and lastly i just want to acknowledge

1762
01:04:27,430 --> 01:04:25,280
our partners that helped produce this

1763
01:04:29,270 --> 01:04:27,440
this event tonight i want to thank the

1764
01:04:31,670 --> 01:04:29,280
nasa astrobiology program and

1765
01:04:33,510 --> 01:04:31,680
specifically uh mike tullian for all of

1766
01:04:34,470 --> 01:04:33,520
your work and helping to produce this

1767
01:04:36,470 --> 01:04:34,480
tonight

1768
01:04:39,029 --> 01:04:36,480
and also just want to acknowledge um

1769
01:04:41,270 --> 01:04:39,039
that blue marmal blue marble space

1770
01:04:43,109 --> 01:04:41,280
institute of science um

1771
01:04:44,549 --> 01:04:43,119
also helps to put the songs through

1772
01:04:46,870 --> 01:04:44,559
their support of the live stream so

1773
01:04:48,870 --> 01:04:46,880
thank you to blue marble to nasa ask the

1774
01:04:51,510 --> 01:04:48,880
nasa astrobiology program and especially

1775
01:04:53,589 --> 01:04:51,520
to mike t since you're you're here with

1776
01:04:55,349 --> 01:04:53,599
us for these several hours every year

1777
01:04:58,069 --> 01:04:55,359
thank you so much

1778
01:05:01,829 --> 01:04:58,079
and um with that i'll hand it back to mr

1779
01:05:05,270 --> 01:05:03,670
thank you mike and uh

1780
01:05:08,230 --> 01:05:05,280
i'd like to thank you know

1781
01:05:10,150 --> 01:05:08,240
mike and dave and nikki really all three

1782
01:05:12,069 --> 01:05:10,160
of you for you at the time and and the

1783
01:05:13,750 --> 01:05:12,079
energy um

1784
01:05:16,069 --> 01:05:13,760
not just during the school day and

1785
01:05:19,270 --> 01:05:16,079
during the time that we meet but outside

1786
01:05:22,470 --> 01:05:19,280
of of the school day really all hours of

1787
01:05:23,990 --> 01:05:22,480
of the day we including weekends um

1788
01:05:26,470 --> 01:05:24,000
you're always willing to go above and

1789
01:05:28,470 --> 01:05:26,480
beyond and and we really appreciate that

1790
01:05:31,349 --> 01:05:28,480
commitment that you guys showed to this

1791
01:05:33,349 --> 01:05:31,359
um and also ranger sweeney i i know that

1792
01:05:34,950 --> 01:05:33,359
you know with all the challenges that

1793
01:05:38,069 --> 01:05:34,960
you guys have been facing up at the park

1794
01:05:40,549 --> 01:05:38,079
with the coveted um

1795
01:05:42,549 --> 01:05:40,559
just restraints and restrictions along

1796
01:05:45,349 --> 01:05:42,559
with with wildfire

1797
01:05:46,870 --> 01:05:45,359
challenges and then on top of it just

1798
01:05:48,870 --> 01:05:46,880
staffing and choosing everything else i

1799
01:05:50,470 --> 01:05:48,880
just know it's been a real real

1800
01:05:52,230 --> 01:05:50,480
challenge from time to time for you but

1801
01:05:54,870 --> 01:05:52,240
you've always just been extremely

1802
01:05:56,710 --> 01:05:54,880
willing and um able to jump in and help

1803
01:05:59,029 --> 01:05:56,720
us out whenever you could so we really

1804
01:06:00,870 --> 01:05:59,039
really appreciate that and um look

1805
01:06:04,150 --> 01:06:00,880
forward to uh

1806
01:06:05,990 --> 01:06:04,160
to continued um time and experiences

1807
01:06:06,870 --> 01:06:06,000
with you up at the park

1808
01:06:13,029 --> 01:06:06,880
um

1809
01:06:14,710 --> 01:06:13,039
you heard mike kind of recognize you all

1810
01:06:15,750 --> 01:06:14,720
and i just want to take a moment and do

1811
01:06:17,349 --> 01:06:15,760
the same

1812
01:06:19,029 --> 01:06:17,359
um

1813
01:06:21,029 --> 01:06:19,039
the second year interns i i can't really

1814
01:06:23,190 --> 01:06:21,039
say enough it at the mix that you guys

1815
01:06:25,430 --> 01:06:23,200
provided this year just a real balance

1816
01:06:27,349 --> 01:06:25,440
um with how you approach things uh

1817
01:06:29,829 --> 01:06:27,359
between the five of you you really

1818
01:06:32,150 --> 01:06:29,839
covered a lot of different ground and

1819
01:06:35,109 --> 01:06:32,160
really worked with with everybody all

1820
01:06:36,950 --> 01:06:35,119
the first-year interns um myself nasa

1821
01:06:38,950 --> 01:06:36,960
scientists really everybody he did just

1822
01:06:41,589 --> 01:06:38,960
do an amazing job of connecting with us

1823
01:06:44,069 --> 01:06:41,599
all and so great job there um the first

1824
01:06:44,870 --> 01:06:44,079
year interns i i realized that

1825
01:06:48,390 --> 01:06:44,880
um

1826
01:06:51,829 --> 01:06:48,400
you haven't really fully had a real high

1827
01:06:54,390 --> 01:06:51,839
school science year yet um based with

1828
01:06:56,710 --> 01:06:54,400
all the the just obstacles and

1829
01:06:57,589 --> 01:06:56,720
everything else but you guys showed up

1830
01:06:58,710 --> 01:06:57,599
and you

1831
01:07:00,789 --> 01:06:58,720
had

1832
01:07:02,870 --> 01:07:00,799
just an energy a commitment to this and

1833
01:07:04,710 --> 01:07:02,880
always a willingness to to do whatever

1834
01:07:06,789 --> 01:07:04,720
we asked of you um

1835
01:07:08,710 --> 01:07:06,799
even when we were trying to to struggle

1836
01:07:10,470 --> 01:07:08,720
and figure things out and so that just

1837
01:07:11,910 --> 01:07:10,480
that commitment that you showed is

1838
01:07:14,390 --> 01:07:11,920
something that i wanted to acknowledge

1839
01:07:16,950 --> 01:07:14,400
and and so thank you for for all of that

1840
01:07:19,510 --> 01:07:16,960
um and i think what what we want to do

1841
01:07:21,750 --> 01:07:19,520
next is i believe olivia

1842
01:07:23,750 --> 01:07:21,760
wants to say a few words and possibly

1843
01:07:26,549 --> 01:07:23,760
somebody else i'm not quite sure about

1844
01:07:28,789 --> 01:07:26,559
that but but i'm leaving that open and

1845
01:07:31,990 --> 01:07:28,799
so the the interns have a few words that

1846
01:07:38,870 --> 01:07:32,000
they want to uh to say so olivia if

1847
01:07:43,029 --> 01:07:40,390
all right

1848
01:07:45,829 --> 01:07:43,039
um so as a class we decided that a

1849
01:07:48,069 --> 01:07:45,839
special thanks was in order for

1850
01:07:50,870 --> 01:07:48,079
nikki dave and mike for all their hard

1851
01:07:53,910 --> 01:07:50,880
work and dedication for this program

1852
01:07:56,470 --> 01:07:53,920
so every intern has picked out a little

1853
01:07:58,390 --> 01:07:56,480
gift from our community

1854
01:07:59,109 --> 01:07:58,400
to give you guys the next time we see

1855
01:08:02,150 --> 01:07:59,119
you

1856
01:08:04,549 --> 01:08:02,160
as a reminder of us and just this

1857
01:08:05,990 --> 01:08:04,559
program and just a big thank you from us

1858
01:08:16,550 --> 01:08:06,000
all

1859
01:08:21,669 --> 01:08:18,870
thank you olivia and and so we'll have

1860
01:08:23,110 --> 01:08:21,679
that waiting for you all i'm not sure

1861
01:08:25,189 --> 01:08:23,120
i mean i'm sure

1862
01:08:27,030 --> 01:08:25,199
your summer travels and stuff will bring

1863
01:08:29,669 --> 01:08:27,040
you all through red bluff at some point

1864
01:08:31,510 --> 01:08:29,679
you know um and so as you come up to red

1865
01:08:33,590 --> 01:08:31,520
bluff you can just stop in and we can

1866
01:08:35,430 --> 01:08:33,600
get that for you and if not then we'll

1867
01:08:38,630 --> 01:08:35,440
be more than happy to hold on to it when

1868
01:08:39,430 --> 01:08:38,640
we see you next uh in the fall next year

1869
01:08:40,229 --> 01:08:39,440
um

1870
01:08:42,870 --> 01:08:40,239
so

1871
01:08:44,709 --> 01:08:42,880
with all of that i believe

1872
01:08:47,669 --> 01:08:44,719
we are done

1873
01:08:50,229 --> 01:08:47,679
i don't have anything else i want to add

1874
01:08:51,669 --> 01:08:50,239
unless anyone else has has something

1875
01:08:53,030 --> 01:08:51,679
that we need to add to this i think

1876
01:08:55,829 --> 01:08:53,040
we're going to

1877
01:09:03,910 --> 01:08:55,839
to end it right there

1878
01:09:09,189 --> 01:09:06,550
okay well thank you all for for uh for

1879
01:09:12,709 --> 01:09:09,199
participating and spending a little bit

1880
01:09:15,189 --> 01:09:12,719
of time with us tonight um

1881
01:09:17,829 --> 01:09:15,199
and uh we will see you all again next